Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure for the given molecule should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Sometimes the
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
(b)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure for the given molecule should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
(c)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure for the given molecule should be identified.
Concept Introduction:
The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
(d)
Interpretation: The Lewis structure for the given molecule
Concept Introduction:
The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell.
Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure.
Lewis structure for any molecule is drawn by using the following steps,
First the skeletal structure for the given molecule is drawn then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecule is determined
The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.
Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed such that each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.
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Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Draw the Lewis structures and predict the shape of each compound or ion:(a) CO2(b) NO2−(c) SO3(d) SO32−arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structures and describe the geometry for the following:(a) PF4+(b) PF5(c) PF6−(d) POF3arrow_forwardPredict the molecular geometries and draw Lewis structures for each of the following. (a) IF5(b) I3−(c) PCl5(d) SeF4(e) ClF3arrow_forward
- Identify the electron pair geometry and the molecular structure of each of the following molecules or ions:(a) IF6+(b) CF4(c) BF3(d) SiF5−(e) BeCl2arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for(a) The cyclic silicate ion Si₄O₁₂⁸⁻(b) A cyclic hydrocarbon with formula C₄H₈arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures for the following, and include resonance structures where appropriate. Indicate which has the strongest carbon-oxygen bond.(a) CO2(b) COarrow_forward
- How many bonding electrons are in the Lewis structure of O2?(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6arrow_forwardWhich of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds?(a) O3(b) S8(c) O22−(d) NO3−(e) CO2(f) H2S(g) BH4−arrow_forwardCyanogen (CN)2 is known as pseodohalogen because it has some properties like halogens. It is composed of two CN’s joined together.(i) Draw the Lewis structure for all the possible combination for (CN)2.(ii) Calculate the formal charge and determine which one of the structures that you have drawn is most stable.(iii) For the stable structure, determine the geometry around the two central atoms.(iv) For the stable structure, draw the dipole arrows for the bonds.(v) Base on the stable structure, determine the polarity of molecule and state your reason.arrow_forward
- Determine the formal charge of each element in the following:(a) H3O+(b) SO42−(c) NH3(d) O22−(e) H2O2arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen. (a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation. 2 N(g) ® N2(g) Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction. Average Bond Energy (k) mol-1) Bond N-N 160 N=N 420 N°N 950 (b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below. N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g) AH° = -92.2 kJ Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer. (C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for the following molecules or ions. (Assign lone pairs, radical electrons, and atomic charges where appropriate.) (a) SbO43− (b) ICl6− (c) SO32- (d) HOBrOarrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning