Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The change in energy of the reaction
Concept Introduction:
First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.
Second ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a unipositive gaseous ion to form a dipositive ion in the ground state is known as second ionization energy.
(a)
Answer to Problem 8.98QP
The change in energy of the given reaction is
Explanation of Solution
The reaction is given below:
Here, two electrons are removed from
Hence the change in energy for the given reaction is the sum of first and second ionization energy of
Therefore,
The change in energy can be given as:
The change in energy of the given reaction is
(b)
Interpretation: The change in energy of the reaction
Concept Introduction:
First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.
Second ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a unipositive gaseous ion to form a dipositive ion in the ground state is known as second ionization energy.
Third ionization energy: The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from a dipositive gaseous ion to form a tripositive ion in the ground state is known as third ionization energy.
First electron Affinity: It is energy change taking place when one electron is added to an atom which is neutral in its gaseous state forming an anion with one negative charge.
Second electron Affinity: It is energy change taking place when one electron is added to an anion having a negative charge in its gaseous state forming an anion with two negative charges.
(b)
Answer to Problem 8.98QP
The change in energy of the given reaction is
Explanation of Solution
The reaction is given below:
Here, three electrons are removed from
Hence the change in energy for the given reaction is the sum of first, second and ionization energy of
The first, second and ionization energy of
The first and second electron affinity of
The change in energy of the given reaction can be calculated as:
The change in energy of the given reaction is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 8 Solutions
General Chemistry
- If a high molecular weight linear polyethylene is chlorinated by inducing the substitution of chlorine atoms by hydrogen, if 5% of all hydrogen atoms are replaced, what approximate percentage of chlorine by weight would the product have?arrow_forwardO Macmillan Learning Chemistry: Fundamentals and Principles Davidson presented by Macmillan Learning Poly(ethylene terephthalate), known as PET or industrially as Dacron, is a polyester synthesized through a condensation reaction between two bifunctional monomers. The monomers, ethylene glycol and terepthalic acid, are given. Add bonds and remove atoms as necessary to show the structure of a two repeat unit portion of a longer polymer chain of PET. You may need to zoom out to see the complete structure of all four monomer units. Select Draw / || | C H 0 3 © Templates More ° ° ° || C CC - OH HO OH HOC - C Erase CC OH HO C C 〃 C H₂ Q2Qarrow_forwardc) + H₂Oarrow_forward
- 으 b) + BF. 3 H2Oarrow_forwardQ4: Draw the product of each Lewis acid-bas reaction. Label the electrophile and nucleophile. b) S + AICI 3 + BF 3arrow_forwardQ1 - What type(s) of bonding would be expected for each of the following materials: solid xenon, calcium fluoride (CaF2), bronze, cadmium telluride (CdTe), rubber, and tungsten? Material solid xenon CaF2 bronze CdTe rubber tungsten Type(s) of bonding Q2- If the atomic radius of lead is 0.175 nm, calculate the volume of its unit cell in cubic meters.arrow_forward
- Determine the atomic packing factor of quartz, knowing that the number of Si atoms per cm3 is 2.66·1022 and that the atomic radii of silicon and oxygen are 0.038 and 0.117 nm.arrow_forwardUse the following data for an unknown gas at 300 K to determine the molecular mass of the gas.arrow_forward2. Provide a complete retrosynthetic analysis and a complete forward synthetic scheme to make the following target molecule from the given starting material. You may use any other reagents necessary. Brarrow_forward
- 146. Use the following data for NH3(g) at 273 K to determine B2p (T) at 273 K. P (bar) 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 (Z -1)/10-4 1.519 3.038 4.557 6.071 7.583 9.002 0.70 10.551arrow_forward110. Compare the pressures given by (a) the ideal gas law, (b) the van der Waals equation, and (c) the Redlic-Kwong equation for propane at 400 K and p = 10.62 mol dm³. The van der Waals parameters for propane are a = 9.3919 dm6 bar mol-2 and b = 0.090494 dm³ mol−1. The Redlich-Kwong parameters are A = 183.02 dm bar mol-2 and B = 0.062723 dm³ mol-1. The experimental value is 400 bar.arrow_forwardResearch in surface science is carried out using stainless steel ultra-high vacuum chambers with pressures as low as 10-12 torr. How many molecules are there in a 1.00 cm3 volume at this pressure and at a temperature of 300 K? For comparison, calculate the number of molecules in a 1.00 cm3 volume at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In outer space the pressure is approximately 1.3 x 10-11 Pa and the temperature is approximately 2.7 K (determined using the blackbody radiation of the universe). How many molecules would you expect find in 1.00 cm3 of outer space?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY