Chapter 8, Problem 8.98QE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The order of increasing sizes and increasing ionization energies of ${\text{S}}^{2-}$, ${\text{K}}^{+}$ and ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by $I$. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by $I_1$. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by $I_2$ and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.