Chapter 8, Problem 8.45QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether $\text{Na}$ or ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ is larger has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic size is half of the distance between the adjacent atoms in the molecule. Since the electron cloud has no fixed boundary so the size of the atom is measured with high difficulty.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{O}}^{2-}$ or ${\text{F}}^{-}$ is larger has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Ni}}^{2+}$ or ${\text{Ni}}^{3+}$ is larger has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).