The element that has the greatest difference between the first and second ionization energies among Si , Na , P and Mg has to be determined. Also, the reason for the same has to be explained. Concept Introduction: The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I . The energy required to eliminate the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I 1 . The energy required to eliminate the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I 2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

Question

(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

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Question

Chapter 8, Problem 8.66QE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element that has the greatest difference between the first and second ionization energies among Si, Na, P and Mg has to be determined. Also, the reason for the same has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by I. The energy required to eliminate the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by I1. The energy required to eliminate the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by I2 and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

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