Chapter 8, Problem 8.44P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{1}3p^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{4}4s^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{4}4p^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The element and its condensed ground state electronic configuration with excited state electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{5}3s^1$ are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

The electronic configuration tells about the distribution of electrons in various atomic orbital. The condensed electronic configuration is a way to write the electronic configuration where the inner shell configurations are compressed to the nearest noble gas configuration and only the valence shell configuration is written in the expanded form.

The lower stable energy level is known as the ground state whereas the higher unstable energy level is called the excited state. Elements in the excited state have much tendency to lose energy and come back to the ground state.