Chapter 8, Problem 8.30QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron affinity of given hypothetical elements X and Z have to be comparatively explained.

Concept introduction:

The ionization energy in periodic table

In periodic table the ionization energy is increases from left to right in a period due to increasing effective nuclear charge and it decreases from top to bottom of a group due to size of the atom is increases and the force of the attraction between centre of the nucleus and outer most electrons is decreases.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron affinity of given hypothetical elements X and Z have to be comparatively explained.

Concept introduction:

Electron affinity is well-known as the electron gain enthalpy.  Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released when an isolated gaseous atom accepts an electron to form a monovalent gaseous anion.

${\text{Atom }}_{\text{(g) }}\text{+ Electron}\to {\text{ Anion }}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ + energy}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron affinity of given hypothetical elements X and Z have to be comparatively explained.

Concept introduction:

The ionization energy in periodic table

In periodic table the ionization energy is increases from left to right in a period due to increasing effective nuclear charge and it decreases from top to bottom of a group due to size of the atom is increases and the force of the attraction between centre of the nucleus and outer most electrons is decreases.

Electron affinity:

Electron affinity is well-known as the electron gain enthalpy.  Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released when an isolated gaseous atom accepts an electron to form a monovalent gaseous anion.

${\text{Atom }}_{\text{(g) }}\text{+ Electron}\to {\text{ Anion }}_{\text{(g)}}\text{ + energy}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron affinity of given hypothetical elements X and Z have to be comparatively explained.

Concept introduction:

The ionization energy in periodic table

In periodic table the ionization energy is increases from left to right in a period due to increasing effective nuclear charge and it decreases from top to bottom of a group due to size of the atom is increases and the force of the attraction between centre of the nucleus and outer most electrons is decreases.

Electron affinity:

Electron affinity is well-known as the electron gain enthalpy.  Electron gain enthalpy is the amount of energy released when an isolated gaseous atom accepts an electron to form a monovalent gaseous anion.