Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)
Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614046
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster, Stacey Lowery Bretz, Geoffrey Davies
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.142AP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The Lewis structure of the given oxyacids of chlorine using the formal charge and the possible resonance structure is to be identified.

Concept introduction: The Lewis symbols of the atoms indicate the total number of valence electrons surrounding the atom or the ions.

Formal charge is calculated by the formula,

Formalcharge=(Valenceelectrons(Numberofnonbondingelectrons+Numberofbondingelectrons2))

To determine: The Lewis structure of all the resonance forms of HClO , HClO2 and HClO3 using the formal charges.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Answer to Problem 8.142AP

Solution

There are two resonating structures of HClO2 and three resonating structures of HClO3 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The atomic number of oxygen is 8 .

Therefore, the electronic configuration of oxygen is [He]2s22p4 .

Thus, the number of valence electrons of oxygen is 6 .

The atomic number of chlorine is 17 .

Therefore, the electronic configuration of chlorine is [Ne]3s23p5 .

Thus, the number of valence electrons of chlorine is 7 .

The atomic number of hydrogen is 1 .

Therefore, the electronic configuration of hydrogen is 1s1 .

Thus, the number of valence electrons of hydrogen is 1 .

Thus, the total number of valence electrons of HClO is,

1+7+6=14

Therefore, the possible Lewis structures of HClO are,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.142AP , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

Formal charge is calculated by the formula,

Formalcharge=(Valenceelectrons(Numberofnonbondingelectrons+Numberofbondingelectrons2))

Therefore, the formal charge of chlorine on the right Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and four bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(4+42))=76=+1

The formal charge of oxygen on the right Lewis structure containing six nonbonding electrons and two bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(6+22))=67=1

The formal charge of chlorine on the left Lewis structure containing six nonbonding electrons and two bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(6+22))=77=0

The formal charge of oxygen on the left Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and four bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(4+42))=66=0

Therefore, the left Lewis structure is correct.

The total number of valence electrons of HClO2 is,

1+7+2×6=20

Therefore, the possible Lewis structures of HClO2 are,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.142AP , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The formal charge of chlorine on the right Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and four bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(4+42))=76=+1

The formal charge of oxygen on the right Lewis structure containing six nonbonding electrons and two bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(6+22))=67=1

The formal charge of chlorine on the left Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and six bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(4+62))=77=0

The formal charge of oxygen on the left Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and four bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(4+42))=66=0

The left Lewis structure is correct and the two structures are the resonating structures of each other.

The total number of valence electrons of HClO3 is,

1+7+3×6=26

Therefore, the possible Lewis structures of HClO3 are,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.142AP , additional homework tip  3

Figure 3

The formal charge of chlorine on the Lewis structure containing two nonbonding electrons and eight bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(2+82))=76=+1

The formal charge of chlorine on the Lewis structure containing two nonbonding electrons and six bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(2+62))=75=+2

The formal charge of oxygen on the Lewis structure containing six nonbonding electrons and two bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(6+22))=67=1

The formal charge of chlorine on the Lewis structure containing two nonbonding electrons and ten bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(7(2+52))=77=0

The formal charge of oxygen on the left Lewis structure containing four nonbonding electrons and four bonding electrons is,

Formalcharge=(6(4+42))=66=0

Therefore, the extreme right Lewis structure is correct and the three structures are the resonating structures of each other.

Conclusion:

There are two resonating structures of HClO2 and three resonating structures of HClO3 .

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)

Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 11PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 12PECh. 8 - Prob. 8.1VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.5VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.8VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.11VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.12VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.15VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.17VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.22QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.31QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.32QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.34QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.39QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.50QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.68QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.82QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.90QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.91QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.99QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.100QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.107QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.108QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.109QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.115QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.116QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.117QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.118QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.119QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.120QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.121QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.122QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.123QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.124QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.125QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.126QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.127QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.128QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.129QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.130QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.131QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.132QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.133QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.134QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.135QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.136QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.137QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.138QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.139APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.140APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.141APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.142APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.143APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.144APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.145APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.146APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.147APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.148APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.149APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.150APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.151APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.152APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.153APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.154APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.155APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.156APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.157APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.158APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.159APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.160APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.161APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.162APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.163APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.164APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.165APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.166APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.167APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.168APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.169APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.170APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.171APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.172APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.173APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.174APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.175AP
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