(a)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Use the literature Ka value of the acetic acid, and the data below to answer these questions. Note: You will not use the experimental titration graphs to answer the questions that follow. Group #1: Buffer pH = 4.35 Group #2: Buffer pH = 4.70 Group #3: Buffer pH = 5.00 Group #4: Buffer pH = 5.30 Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the buffer pH provided and the literature pKa value of acetic acid to perform the following: a) calculate the ratios of [acetate]/[acetic acid] for each of the 4 groups buffer solutions above. b) using the calculated ratios, which group solution will provide the best optimal buffer (Hint: what [acetate]/[acetic acid] ratio value is expected for an optimal buffer?) c) explain your choicearrow_forwardHow would you prepare 1 liter of a 50 mM Phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 beginning with K3PO4 and 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH? Please help and show calculations. Thank youarrow_forwardDraw the four most importantcontributing structures of the cation intermediate thatforms in the electrophilic chlorination of phenol,(C6H5OH) to form p-chlorophenol. Put a circle aroundthe best one. Can you please each step and also how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
- A 100mM lactic acid/lactate buffer was found to have a lactate to lactic acid ratio of 2 and a pH of 4.2. What is the pKa of lactic acid? Can you please help show the calculations?arrow_forwardUsing line angle formulas, draw thestructures of and name four alkanes that have total of 7carbons, one of which is tertiary.Please explain this in detail and can you also explain how to approach a similar problem like this as well?arrow_forwardUsing dashed line wedge projections drawthe indicated compounds and indicate whether thecompound you have drawn is R or S.(a) The two enantiomers of 2-chlorobutane. Can you please explain your steps and how you would approach a similar problem. Thank you!arrow_forward
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