Chapter 8, Problem 49P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of codling moth sex pheromone is to be given with the help of given information.

Concept Introduction:

Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.

Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.

Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

The reaction in which hydrogen is added to the compound in the presence of catalyst is known as hydrogenation.

The number of moles of hydrogen absorbed will be equal to the number of double bonds.

Reduction is a process in which hydrogen atoms are added to a compound. Usual reagents used in the reduction process are ${\text{H}}_2/\text{Pt}/\text{pressure}$, or ${\text{H}}_2/\text{Ni}/\text{pressure}$.

The reaction in which the alkene is cleaved with ozone and forms aldehydes and ketones is called ozonolysis. In this reaction, the multiple carbon–carbon bond is being replaced by a carbonyl group.

Reduction is a process in which the addition of hydrogen atoms to a compound takes place.

During an addition reaction unsaturated bonds are converted into saturated molecules by the addition of molecules

Ozonolysis is a process in which the given alkene is cleaved with ozone

The $E-Z$ configuration is used to designate alkene diastereomers (cis-trans isomers).

First, give priority according to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog convention rules:

The higher the atomic mass, the higher will be the priority.

If priority cannot be assigned according to atomic mass, then assign the priority according to the first point of difference.

If both the priority groups are on the same side of a double-bonded carbon atom, then it is known as $\left(Z\right)$ configuration.

But if both the priority groups are diagonal to each other, then it is $\left(E\right)$ configured.