Chapter 8, Problem 25PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The modified procedure to synthesize racemic mixture of $\left(3R,4R\right)-$ and $\left(3S,4S\right)-3,\text{4}-\text{dibromohexane}$ is to be suggested.

Concept introduction:

Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogens of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

Addition reaction: It is a reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by addition of molecules.

${\text{H}}_2/\text{Ni}$ is used as reducing agent to reduce multiple bonds to single bonds.

The molecules that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.

The stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable on each other and not mirror images of each other are known as diastereomers.

The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.

Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules contain nonsuperimposable mirror images.

A chiral molecule is one that has a nonsuperimposable mirror image and an achiral molecule is one that has a superimposable mirror image.

Each center is analyzed separately, if the compound contains more than one chirality center.

The designation of each carbon is determined by using the numbers.

When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is clockwise, it is said to be the $\left(R\right)$ configuration

When the order of progression from the group of highest priority to that of the next highest priority is anticlockwise, then it is said to be the $\left(S\right)$ configuration.

The mixture that contains equimolar quantity of two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.