Microbiology: A Systems Approach
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402437
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 3CTQ
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that the discovery of thermophilicarchaea and their associated DNA polymerase was critical to the successof PCR technology.
Introduction:
The polymerase chain reaction is a technique to amplify a piece of DNA rapidly outside a living cell. It uses the same mechanism for multiplication of the DNA as the cells use for
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DNA replication is critical to the growth of microbes. Describe the mechanism used by prokaryotes to replicate their DNA.
Why is the DNA polymerase used in PCR derived from an extreme thermophile bacteria species rather than a mesophile bacteria species? (be sure to describe the mesophile DNA polymerase as well as the extreme thermophile DNA polymerase.)
Some bacteria may have higher mutation rates than others following exposure to UV light. Discuss a reason why this might be the case. What experiments could you do to determine whether this is a likely possibility?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 8.1 - Describe the relationship among metabolism,...Ch. 8.1 - Fully discuss the structure and function of...Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between an apoenzyme and a...Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between an endoenzyme and an...Ch. 8.1 - Diagram the four major patterns of metabolism.Ch. 8.1 - Describe how enzymes are controlled.Ch. 8.2 - Name the chemical in which energy is stored in...Ch. 8.2 - Create a general diagram of a redox reaction.Ch. 8.2 - Identify electron carriers used by cells.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CF
Ch. 8.3 - List three basic catabolic pathways and the...Ch. 8.3 - Construct a paragraph summarizing glycolysis.Ch. 8.3 - Describe the Krebs cycle and compare the process...Ch. 8.3 - Discuss the significance of the electron transport...Ch. 8.3 - State two ways in which anaerobic respiration...Ch. 8.3 - Summarize the steps of microbial fermentation and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 8.4 - Define amphibolism.Ch. 8.5 - Summarize the overall process of photosynthesis in...Ch. 8.5 - Discuss the relationship between light-dependent...Ch. 8.5 - Explain the role of the Calvin cycle in the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CFCh. 8 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 8 - An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products....Ch. 8 - An apoenzyme is where the ____ is located. a....Ch. 8 - Many coenzymes are a. metals. b. vitamins. c....Ch. 8 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 8 - Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8 - A product or products of glycolysis is/are a. ATP....Ch. 8 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 8 - Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic...Ch. 8 - ATP synthase complexes can generate ______ ATP(s)...Ch. 8 - True-False Questions. If the statement is true,...Ch. 8 - An enzyme lowers the activation energy required...Ch. 8 - One cycle of fermentation yields more energy than...Ch. 8 - Energy in biological systems is primarily...Ch. 8 - Exoenzymes are produced outside the cell.Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 8 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 8 - Provide evidence in support of or refuting the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 8 - Prob. 2CCCh. 8 - Prob. 3CCCh. 8 - From chapter 4, figure 4.16. On the enlarged...Ch. 8 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- In a campus-wide screen for microbes, you find DNA from the bacterial species that causes the bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis. You take the sample back to the lab, and try to grow (very carefully), but can't culture the organism. Provide two possible explanations for why you can't grow this sample in the lab.arrow_forwardDNA replication is critical to the growth of microbes. describe themechanism used by prokaryotes to duplicate their DNAarrow_forwardWhy is it important to use a hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase in PCR? a) Because only hyperthermophiles have DNA polymerases. b) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist the saline reaction conditions. c) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is faster than other polymerases. d) Because hyperthermophilic DNA polymerase is able to resist denaturation at 95℃.arrow_forward
- Frederick Griffith documented bacterial transformation. Which statement is true concerning his experiments? DNA that was not contained within a live cell caused the death of the host organism. DNA from dead Streptococcus cells entered live cells and altered the live cell's characteristics. The two strains of Streptococcus were visually indistinguishable. Heat treatment of the Streptococcus strains destroyed the DNA molecules.arrow_forwardCompare the process of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to DNA replication. Discuss three modifications of the PCR process and which enzymes/molecules these modification replace in the usual DNA replication processarrow_forwardLike eukaryotes, bacteria and archaea enclose their DNA in a nucleus.arrow_forward
- Choose the one answer that fits best. Which of the following statements regarding bacteria is NOT correct? a. During conjugation, two bacteria exchange genetic information directly via pili b. Bacterial populations have a higher mutation rate because their DNA Polymerases do not have proofreading capability c. Bacterial growth by binary fission is exponential and each division usually takes only a couple of hour or less d. Plasmids carry just a few genes and are replicated independently from the bacterial chromosome e. Cocci that are arranged in clusters/bunches are called staphylococciarrow_forwardImagine that you discover a new type of bacteria in an environment that is exposed to oxygen. A. What type of bacteria might you have discovered? B. Propose a mechanism by which they can produce the energy neededarrow_forwardUsing what you now know about restriction enzymes, why do you suppose that wells in the gel contained more than one band?arrow_forward
- Imagine that you correctly prepare your PCR reaction mixture, but there is something wrong with the thermal cycler. Describe what would happen if: The thermal cycler was stuck on 940C: The thermal cycler cycled between 600C and 720C, but never reached 940C The thermal cycler cycled between 940C and 720C, but never reached 600arrow_forwardThe result Jake obtained after transforming his competent Escherichia coli cells with plasmids is as shown below: Is the transformation experiment conducted a success? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardYou culture bacteria from the soil at a toxic waste dump on an agar plate and pick a single bacterium from which you prepare DNA. The isolated organism is a new, previously uncharacterized species. You perform PCR amplification of this DNA using primers to amplify a short segment of ribosomal DNA. When you use BLAST to find similar sequences, you find the following results. Organism E. coli Streptococcus Burkhoderia Microbacterium oxydans DNA sequence identity. % sequence E-value coverage e-10 E. coli 84% 88% 98% 100% 40% 40% 40% 80% e-12 e-15 e-30 Based on the data in the table, which species is most closely related to your toxic waste dump sample? Microbacterium oxydans Streptococcus Burkhoderiaarrow_forward
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