Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119390114
Author: Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 8, Problem 3.3SC
Compare enzyme induction and enzyme repression.
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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine:
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
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2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0
Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…
The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 8 - Compare and contrast chromosomes in prokaryotes...Ch. 8 - DNA is not always the gemetic material. What are...Ch. 8 - How could mutations give rise to new alleles of a...Ch. 8 - How does trandlation differ from transcription?Ch. 8 - Distinguish between leading and lagging strands.Ch. 8 - What do 5 and 3 refer to? How do they determine...Ch. 8 - Contrast the three kinds of RNA. Does DNA make all...Ch. 8 - What feeds back in feedback inhibition? What does...Ch. 8 - What is the inducer for the lac operon?Ch. 8 - Compare enzyme induction and enzyme repression.
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