Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781119390114
Author: Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.1SC
List three reasons to study
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To list: The three reasons to study microbiology.
Introduction: A microorganism is a living organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. Microorganisms live on the rocks, in the soil, inside roots, toxic waste, and all over the surface of the Earth.
Explanation of Solution
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. The main groups of organisms studied in microbiology are algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. All are distributed widely in nature.
Three reasons to study microbiology are given below:
- Microbes are an important part of our environment. Microorganism and the branch of microbiology are most studied due to their great significance to medicine.
- Microbiology helps to identify the microorganism that exists in the food. With a better understanding, microbiology helps biologists to find out the ways for avoiding food from spoilage.
- Microbiology is also used in industry and agriculture, and it is also used to understand basic biological processes, such as ecology, evolution, and genetics.
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Normal dive (for diving humans)
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Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
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6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
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diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species
(A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your
answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the
diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences?
Species A
3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3
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cm 30
Species B
4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4
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Species C
0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Ch. 1 - List three reasons to study microbiology.Ch. 1 - What is the difference between microbiology and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3SCCh. 1 - List five bacterial diseases and five viral...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2.1SCCh. 1 - State the germ theory of disease. Try to think of...Ch. 1 - How did Pasteurs experiment with swan-necked...Ch. 1 - Why was the French microbiologists method of broth...Ch. 1 - What were the scientific contributions of Jenner,...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3.2SC
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