Structures of the principle organic products in each of the given reactions is to be determined. Concept introduction: Since alkenes have the capacity to react with substances that add to them, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Therefore, alkenes show addition reactions. According to Markovnikov’s rule. when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens and halogen adds to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens. In hydroboration-oxidation reaction, hydrogen atom gets bonded to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens and the hydroxyl to the carbon that has a greater number of hydrogens. This is a rule opposite of Markovnikov’s addition.

Question

Identify the chiral carbon as R- or S-. H₂C H3C CH3 F

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structures of the principle organic products in each of the given reactions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Since alkenes have the capacity to react with substances that add to them, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Therefore, alkenes show addition reactions.

According to Markovnikov’s rule. when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens and halogen adds to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens.

In hydroboration-oxidation reaction, hydrogen atom gets bonded to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens and the hydroxyl to the carbon that has a greater number of hydrogens. This is a rule opposite of Markovnikov’s addition.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structures of the principle organic products in each of the given reactions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Since alkenes have the capacity to react with substances that add to them, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Therefore, alkenes show addition reactions.

According to Markovnikov’s rule. when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens and halogen adds to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens.

In hydroboration-oxidation reaction, hydrogen atom gets bonded to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens and the hydroxyl to the carbon that has a greater number of hydrogens. This is a rule opposite of Markovnikov’s addition.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structures of the principle organic products in each of the given reactions is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Since alkenes have the capacity to react with substances that add to them, they are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Therefore, alkenes show addition reactions.

According to Markovnikov’s rule. when an unsymmetrically substituted alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide, hydrogen adds to the carbon that has the greater number of hydrogens and halogen adds to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens.

In hydroboration-oxidation reaction, hydrogen atom gets bonded to the carbon that has fewer hydrogens and the hydroxyl to the carbon that has a greater number of hydrogens. This is a rule opposite of Markovnikov’s addition.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8, Problem 31P

Interpretation Introduction