Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948915
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 28ESP
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reason for mosaicism caused by mitotic events.
Introduction: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in which the female is either partially or completely missing an X chromosome. Turner syndrome can lead to several medical and development problems, which include heart defect, short height, or failure of development of the ovaries.
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Nondisjunction which can affect sex chromosomes as well as autosomal chromosomes as a common cause of genetic disorders. Use the space provided to illustrate the process of nondisjunction with the end result being that one cell exhibits in the monopsony me while other one exhibits trisomy. Hint: a sperm will fertilize the egg and add it’s chromosome in the last step)
Assuming no other abnormalities, classify each of the following human sex chromosome complements as to whether or not individuals with that complement will be morphologically male or female. Three human sex chromosome complements will be classified as male and three will be classified as female.
XXY
XYY
XXX
XO
XY
XX
Explain why a person with Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) still exhibits abnormal phenotypes despite the fact that one of the extra X Chromosome is inactivated practically leaving an XY active sex chromosomes similar to a normal male?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (11th Edition)
Ch. 8 - A human female with Turner syndrome (47, X) also...Ch. 8 - When two plants belonging to the same genus but...Ch. 8 - What is the effect of a rare double crossover (a)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 1CSCh. 8 - Prob. 2CSCh. 8 - Aquatic vegetation overgrowth, usually controlled...Ch. 8 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 8 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 171....Ch. 8 - Define these pairs of terms, and distinguish...Ch. 8 - For a species with a diploid number of 18,...
Ch. 8 - What evidence suggests that Down syndrome is more...Ch. 8 - What evidence indicates that humans with aneuploid...Ch. 8 - Contrast the fertility of an allotetraploid with...Ch. 8 - Describe the origin of cultivated American cotton.Ch. 8 - Predict how the synaptic configurations of...Ch. 8 - Inversions are said to suppress crossing over. Is...Ch. 8 - Contrast the genetic composition of gametes...Ch. 8 - Human adult hemoglobin is a tetramer containing...Ch. 8 - Discuss Ohnos hypothesis on the role of gene...Ch. 8 - What roles have inversions and translocations...Ch. 8 - The primrose, Primula kewensis, has 36 chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Certain varieties of chrysanthemums contain 18,...Ch. 8 - Drosophila may be monosomic for chromosome 4, yet...Ch. 8 - Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving...Ch. 8 - Having correctly established the F2 ratio in...Ch. 8 - The mutations called bobbed in Drosophila result...Ch. 8 - The outcome of a single crossover between...Ch. 8 - A couple planning their family are aware that...Ch. 8 - In a cross in Drosophila, a female heterozygous...Ch. 8 - A woman who sought genetic counseling is found to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 8 - In a recent cytogenetic study on 1021 cases of...Ch. 8 - A boy with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) is born...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28ESPCh. 8 - Prob. 29ESPCh. 8 - A 3-year-old child exhibited some early indication...Ch. 8 - A normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 32ESP
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- Hemophilia results from a sex-linked gene. The disease is most common in males, but the hemophilia allele is on the X chromosome. Explain this apparent anomaly.arrow_forwardHow many Barr bodies are present in the interphase cells of the ff. individuals? A) Klinefelters where 2n = 48 (assume no autosomal aneuploidy in this individual) (b) metafemales with chromosome number of 48 (no autosomal aneuploidy in this individual). Show solutions.arrow_forwardThough an individual with abberations such as Robertsonian translocation may be phenotypically normal, they can generate gametes through meiosis that have atypical organizations of chromosomes, resulting in recurrent fetal abnormalities or miscarriages. Why, despite these Robertsonian translocations, are affected cells still able to generate typical gametes through meiosis?arrow_forward
- Why is aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes less debilitating than aneuploidy of even the smallest autosomes? (Note: multiple responses are correct, please choose the best answer(s)) Select one or more: Only one X chromosome is required at any given time. Additional X chromosomes (as in females) are inactivated in most cells except for gametes Dosage compensation requires that all excess chromosomes (i.e. 2 or more) are activated at all times during the cell cycle The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes involved in spermatogenesis and sex development. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome results in the overproduction of sperm and increased fertility The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes required for spermatogenesis and sex development, but very few other genes. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome has minimal impact on the balance of gene expressionarrow_forwardDescribe the molecular process of X-chromosome inactivation.This description should include the three phases of inactivationand the role of the Xic. Explain what happens to the X chromosomes during embryogenesis, in adult somatic cells, and duringoogenesis.arrow_forwardGive the typical sex-chromosome complement found in the cells of people with Turner syndrome, with Klinefelter syndrome, and with androgen-insensitivity syndrome. What is the sex-chromosome complement of triple-X females?arrow_forward
- Barr bodies are formed to adjust X chromosome dosage in species other than humans, such as Drosophila (fruit flies) and C. elegans (nematodes). True or False ?arrow_forwardThe Xg cell-surface antigen is coded for by a gene located on the X chromosome. No equivalent gene exists on the Y chromosome. Two codominant alleles of this gene have been identified: Xg1 and Xg2. A woman of genotype Xg2/Xg2 bears children with a man of genotype Xg1/Y, and they produce a son with Klinefelter syndrome of genotype Xg1/Xg2Y. Using proper genetic terminology, briefly explain how this individual was generated. In which parent and in which meiotic division did the mistake occur?arrow_forwardRetinoblastoma can be seen as a familial cancer, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner (RB-/RB-), individuals heterozygous for the RB+ and RB- alleles can develop tumor as a result of… A mitotic crossover that leads to homozygosity for RB+ in some cells and RB- in other cells A meiotic mutation in the RB+ allele that leads to homozygosity for RB+ A somatic mutation in the RB- allele that leads to homozygosity for RB+ The fact that RB- is dominant to RB+arrow_forward
- what is the significance of chromosomal aberration? what are the different types of chromosomal abberations based on the structure and number of chromosomes? give examples for each. what environmental factors may increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations?arrow_forwardFrom 2 to 6 percent of people with autism have an extra chromosome that consists of two long arms of chromosome 15. It includes two copies of the chromosome 15 centromere. Two normal copies of the chromosome are also present. What type of chromosome abnormality in a gamete can lead to this karyotype, which is called isodicentric 15?arrow_forwardFaulty Tooth Enamel Formation Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of faulty tooth enamel formation. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant and X-linked dominant pattern. The expression of AI disorder is determined by mutations in the autosomal alleles. One copy of the mutated allele (A) will cause the disorder. The severity of the disorder is determined by mutations in a gene carried on the X chromosome. Normal (or non-severe) abnormality (XN) is dominant over the abnormality (or severe) (Xn) allele. In the absence of the autosomal dominant allele, the abnormality gene on the X chromosome is notexpressed. Question:A woman with normal teeth had four children with a man with non-severe form of AI: A boy was born without amelogenesis imperfecta A girl was born without amelogenesis imperfecta A boy was born with severe amelogenesis imperfecta A boy was born with non severe amelogenesis imperfecta Identify the parental genotypes. Complete the Punnett square for the parental…arrow_forward
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