Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 19TYK
Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule than eukaryotic cells. Some bacteria can divide every 20 minutes, while the minimum time required by eukaryotic cells in a rapidly developing embryo is about once per hour, and most cells divide much less often than that. State at least two testable hypotheses explaining why bacteria can divide at a faster rate than eukaryotic cells.
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The following data indicates the percentage of time an average animal cell spends in each part of the cell cycle
if it replicates every 24 hours.
Stage of Interphase
G1
S-phase
G2
Average Percentage
of Time Spent
50 %
23%
19%
Stage of Mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Average Percentage
of Time Spent
Procedure 1-2: Identifying Str
4%
0.8 %
0.18%
3%
1. Redraw the cell cycle in a pie chart representing the amount of time spent in the different parts of the
cell cycle.
2. The cells in our body do not replicate every 24 hours. What parts of the cell cycle do you think are
extended when a cell's cycle is longer? Why? Why do the other parts of the cycle not get longer?
3. Compare when DNA is being replicated during the cell cycle to the amount of time the cell is performing
transcription to eventually make proteins. How many times in a cell's reproductive cycle does the
duplication of DNA occur vs the amount of time the cell is transcribing the DNA. Why does this make
sense with…
Why do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply.
1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth.
2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells
3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells.
4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis
5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells
6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.
Describe the four phases of bacterial cell division.
Where would horizontal gene transfer occur?
Where would sporogenesis occur?
If antibiotics generally target cells which are growing and dividing as fast as they can, when would antibiotics be most effective?
If a culture had 4 cells to begin with and has a generation time of 60 minutes, how long would it take to get 1,048,576 cells?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22TYK
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- Please help Place the images of the cell division in the right order and label them a)  What is the final product of this type of cell division? Indicate the number of dauahter cells, the TYPE OF CELLS (somatic cells? sex cells? other?), where in the body this process takes place, whether they are genetically diverse pridentical, haploid or diploid, the chromosome number in human cells, whether they contain sinale- or double-stranded chromosomes, and what the "fate" of these cells is i.e. what will they go on to do, if given the chance)?arrow_forward3) Examine the graph showing the relative percentage normal and cancer cells spend in various stages of the cell cycle. Based on the information in the graphs, infer how cancer cells differ from typical, noncancerous cells. Select ALL that apply. A) Cancer cells do not replicate their DNA. B) Cancer cells replicate their DNA too quickly. C) Cancer cells do not go through interphase during their cell cycle. D) Cancer cells spend more time dividing compared to typical cells. E) Cancer cells do not always grow to the same size as typical cells. more than 1 answer. not gradedarrow_forwardIt is often useful for scientists to study a population of cells that are all at the same stage of the cell cycle. For example, the discovery of cyclins and Cdks was enabled by studying frog eggs that divided synchronously after fertilization; extracts from the embryos were thus representative of the cell-cycle stage at which the extract was made. Researchers have devised means to synchronize asynchronous populations of cultured cells. For example, serum starvation deprives cells of mitogens and blocks cells in the Go/G₁ phase of the cell cycle. Another method involves gently shaking culture flasks and harvesting the cells that release from the substratum. In what stage of the cell cycle are these cells most likely to be? Choose one: • Sphase G2 phase M phase G1 phase Aarrow_forward
- Assume that you are growing mammalian cells in culture. You are able to synchronize the culture, meaning all of the cells undergo each stage of the cell cycle at the same time. The graph shows theramount of DNA in the nuclei of cells during cycle 1 and cycle 2 of cell growth II III IV First cycle Second cvele Amount of DNA in nucleusarrow_forwardThe separation of the parent cell into two daughter cells fails to occur during the process of binary fission. Based on your knowledge of cell constriction in bacteria, what protein may be missing in the system (i.e the protein was not expressed)?arrow_forwardMost nerve cells in the adult human central nervous system, as well as heart muscle cells, do not divide. In contrast, cells lining the inside of the small intestine divide frequently. Discuss this difference in terms of why damage to the nervous system and heart muscle cells (for example, that caused by a stroke or heart attack) is so dangerous. What do you think might happen to tissues such as the intestinal lining if a disorder blocked mitotic cell division in all cells of the body?arrow_forward
- Assume that you are growing mammalian cells in culture. You are able to synchronize the culture, meaning all of the cells undergo each stage of the cell cycle at the same time. The graph shows thelamount of DNA in the nuclei of cells during cycle1 and cycle 2 of cell growth II III IV First cycle Second cvele Amount of DNA in nucleusarrow_forwardAssume that you are growing mammalian cells in culture. You are able to synchronize the culture, meaning all of the cells undergo each stage of the cell cycle at the same time. The graph shows the amount of DNA in the nuclei of cells during cycle 1 and cycle 2 of cell growth II III IV First cycle Second cycle At which stage(s) would you NOT find condensed chromosomes? Select all that apply Amount of DNA in nucleusarrow_forwardA cell stops proliferating when treated with a chemical analog to fucoxanthin. When these cells are analyzed and compared to untreated cells according to the amount of DNA they contain using flow cytometry, the graphs in the figure below are obtained. Which of the following answers would NOT cause this result?arrow_forward
- The diagram below represents single-celled organism A dividing by mitosis to form cells B andC. B cکړ Cells A, B, and C all produced protein X. What can best be inferred from this observation? A) The gene to produce protein X was passed from cell A to cells B and C. B) Cells A, B, and C ingested food containing the gene to produce protein X. C) The gene for protein X is found in single-celled organisms, only. D) Protein X is found in all organisms.arrow_forwardHow long does it take for a cell to take one complete cycle? The answer varies on the type of cell and the species. For instance, a liver cell completes its cell cycle for over 22 hours (Becker and Lane 1965) while other somatic cell lasts to about 18 hours. Can you cite other types of cells that undergo cell cycle and the time it takes to complete the cycle? List five below.arrow_forwardLooking at the the time intervals in the figure given, compare the time spent in mitosis with the time spent in gap1 in human liver cells. A. less time is spent in G1 than in M B. a little more time is spent in G1 than in M C. The cell spends 10 hours less in G1 than it does in M D. The cell spends 10 hours more in G1 than it does in Marrow_forward
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