Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321885326
Author: Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 15TYK
Discuss the factors that control the division of eukaryotic cells grown in the laboratory. Cancer cells are easier to grow in the lab than other cells. Why do you suppose this is?
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Which of the following statements best describes the process of phase separation in cells?
Proteins can assemble as liquid droplets that are not bounded by a membrane in either the cytoplasm or nucleus
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How long does it take for a cell to take one complete cycle? The answer varies on the type of cell and the species. For instance, a liver cell completes its cell cycle for over 22 hours (Becker and Lane 1965) while other somatic cell lasts to about 18 hours. Can you cite other types of cells that undergo cell cycle and the time it takes to complete the cycle? List five below.
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after having stopped it initially. You may use point form if you want.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (8th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - Prob. 22TYK
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- A researcher is studying the effects of a novel cancer drug on cell division and comparing the new drug to a traditional chemotherapy drug. The traditional drug causes numerous side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss and susceptibility to infections due to low white blood cell counts. The novel drug is a targeted therapy (specifically targets the abnormal protein in the cancer cell) and is likely to reduce side effects that patients experience when treated with traditional chemotherapy. One group of cancer patients was treated with the novel drug and a second group of cancer patients was treated with the traditional chemotherapy drug. Prior and subsequent to treatment, a mitotic index was obtained from a tumor sample from each patient as well as a bone marrow sample (bone marrow cells give rise to all blood cell types including red blood cells and white blood cells). Since this is a double-blind study (neither the patient nor the researcher knows which patients received which…arrow_forwardYou are interested in testing the effect of a drug on human cells. These cells have been sampled and evenly split into two separate cell cultures. You trigger cell division using a growth factor in both cell cultures. This synchronises the start of mitosis so you can easily detect the effect of the drug on the progress through the mitotic phases. Immediately after mitosis begins, you expose one cell culture to the drug (treatment + drug) and compare their progress through the mitotic phases under the microscope to the cells that are not exposed to the drug (control - drug). Here are your observations: Cells from both cell cultures lack their nuclear membranes. Individual chromosomes are clearly visible in both cell cultures Cells from the control culture (- drug) have their chromosomes aligned (see figure below) Cells from the treatment (+ drug) have their chromosomes dispersed in the cell (see figure below). What effect does the drug have on the chromosomes? Indicate two…arrow_forwardBiologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of normal adult cells but NOT cancer cells? A. Cell death after a finite number of cell divisions B. Contact with other cells increases likelihood of division C. Large amount of telomerase present D. Do not care about cell density while culturearrow_forwardIf a mad scientist hands you a cell culture with 100 cells that just entered g1. He needs to extract the MOST possible DNA from 100 cells. On top of that, he requires that the DNA cannot be condensed. To accomplish this goal he gives you a set of chemicals that will stop a cell in any part of the cell cycle you want. What part of the cell cycle would you stop the cell at, that matches those requirements?arrow_forwardFor most cell types, serum must be added to the media to get cells to grow and proliferate in culture. Nevertheless, serum is very expensive and can complicate experiments utilizing the cells. Many companies have developed "artificial serum" which enables cells to multiply without the use of serum. See data below. What are likely components of the artificial serum that enables cells to grow. Explain (limit 3-4sentences). Non 2% Human plasma 1% Artificial serum(XF) 1% Artificial serum(AF) 104 cells/cm² Cell density cultured after 4 days 127 10- 2 0 NON 2% 1% 1% Human Artificial Artificial plasma serum(XF) serum(AF) PDL [times] 30- 25+ 20- 15- 10- 5- 0 -2% Human plasma 0 Subculture 1% Artificial serum (XF) 1% Artificial serum(AF) 5 10 15 20 25 30 Culture days Medium: HFDM-1 (+) was used.arrow_forward
- Can you draw 4th cell division of the adult stem cells. 1st and 2nd are symmetrically. 3rd and 4th are asymmetrically. What kind of cell is the product at the 4th division? Explain your reasoningarrow_forward3.12) Draw, label and explain what is happening to the chromosomes, cytoskeleton and membranes at each stage of mitosis and interphase. To demonstrate deep thinking you should represent the mechanisms of each step and why the steps have to be in the order then are in because of the mechanisms. A design justification (a short paragraph) A description of how the work demonstrates your deep thinking (a short paragraph) A description of how you are using constructive feedback for continuous improvement, and giving constructive feedback to others (a short paragraph) The creation itself (or a representation of it) asap please answer allarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells? an increase in density dependent inhibition an increase in telomere length a decrease in DNA repair a decrease in cell adhesion molecules an increase in chromosome abnormalitiesarrow_forward
- Scientists often extract DNA from the nucleus of cells for analysis or use. This process breaks the cell membrane, spins the solution to remove the large particles through high g-force, adds alcohol to make the DNA less soluble aqueous solution, then spins the solution again to pull the DNA out of solution. Consider a cell in metaphase compared to a cell in rest (not in the cell cycle leading to cell division). What properties of a metaphase cell might let you extract more DNA compared to the resting cell? Are there any that might make the extraction more difficult?arrow_forwardBy what molecular pathway does loss of cell cycle regulation in an organism lead to cancer? What genetic changes can cooperate to accomplish the cancer cell’s escape from the normal balance of cell growth?arrow_forwardImagine that there are mutations in the CDK genes such that their gene products are nonfunctional. What effect would this mutation have on an immature unspecialized blood cell precursor found in the bone marrow? The cell would not be able to reproduce itself. The cell would complete the cell cycle using cyclins in the absence of CDKS. The cell would be able to replicate its DNA but not translate DNA into RNA. The cell would be able to enter mitosis but not complete it. The cell would still phosphorylate the CDK-associated target proteins, and would do so more quickly.arrow_forward
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