Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 104E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: An explanation corresponding to the fact that
Concept introduction: In every molecule the net charge is the sum of all the formal charges present on each atom in the molecule. Formal charge is the charge experienced by an individual atom in the molecule. Polarity of bonds present in
To determine: An explanation corresponding the fact that
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3. The explosive decomposition of 2 mole of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) is shown below:
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2
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NO2
3N2 (g)+7CO (g) + 5H₂O (g) + 7C (s)
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a. Use bond dissociation energies to calculate how much AU is for this reaction in kJ/mol.
Part I.
Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone and answer the ff:
Pinacol (2,3-dimethyl, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture of pina colone
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 8 - Distinguish between the terms electronegativity...Ch. 8 - When an element forms an anion, what happens to...Ch. 8 - Define the term lattice energy. Why,...Ch. 8 - Explain how bond energies can be used to estimate...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Explain the terms resonance and delocalized...Ch. 8 - Define formal charge and explain how to calculate...Ch. 8 - Give two requirements that should be satisfied for...Ch. 8 - Consider the following compounds: CO2, SO2, KrF2,...Ch. 8 - Explain the electronegativity trends across a row...
Ch. 8 - The ionic compound AB is formed. The charges on...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 8 - The bond energy for a CH bond is about 413 kJ/mol...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 8 - Which has the greater bond lengths: NO2 or NO3?...Ch. 8 - The following ions are best described with...Ch. 8 - The second electron affinity values for both...Ch. 8 - What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms...Ch. 8 - Why are some bonds ionic and some covalent?Ch. 8 - How does a bond between Na and Cl differ from a...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following molecules from most to least...Ch. 8 - Does a Lewis structure tell which electron come...Ch. 8 - True or false? In general, a large atom has a...Ch. 8 - What is the central idea of the VSEPR model?Ch. 8 - In Section 8.13 of the text, the term effective...Ch. 8 - Describe the type of bonding that exists in die...Ch. 8 - Some plant fertilizer compounds are (NH4)2SO4,...Ch. 8 - Some of the important properties of ionic...Ch. 8 - What is the electronegativity trend? Where does...Ch. 8 - Give one example of a compound having a linear...Ch. 8 - When comparing the size of different ions, the...Ch. 8 - In general the higher the charge on the ions in an...Ch. 8 - Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 8 - Prob. 29QCh. 8 - The molecules BF3, CF4, CO2, PF5, and SF6 are all...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 8 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Which of the following incorrectly shows the bond...Ch. 8 - Indicate the bond polarity (show the partial...Ch. 8 - Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or...Ch. 8 - List all the possible bonds that can occur between...Ch. 8 - Hydrogen has an electronegativity value between...Ch. 8 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - State whether or not each of the following has a...Ch. 8 - The following electrostatic potential diagrams...Ch. 8 - Prob. 45ECh. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 8 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 8 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 8 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 8 - Which of the following ions have noble gas...Ch. 8 - What noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 8 - Give the formula of a negative ion that would have...Ch. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Give three ions that are isoelectronic with neon....Ch. 8 - Consider the ions Sc3+, Cl, K+, Ca2+, and S2....Ch. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - For each of the following groups, place the atoms...Ch. 8 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 8 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 8 - Use the following data for potassium chloride to...Ch. 8 - Use the following data for magnesium fluoride to...Ch. 8 - Consider the following energy changes: E(kJ/mol)...Ch. 8 - Compare the electron affinity of fluorine to the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 65ECh. 8 - Use the following data (in kJ/mol) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Rationalize the following lattice energy values:...Ch. 8 - The lattice energies of FeCl3, FeCl2, and Fe2O3...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values (Table 3-3) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values (Table 3-3) to estimate E...Ch. 8 - Prob. 71ECh. 8 - Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies to predict E for the following...Ch. 8 - The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is by...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies to estimate E for the combustion...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76ECh. 8 - Prob. 77ECh. 8 - Consider the following reaction: A2+B22AB E =...Ch. 8 - Compare your answers from parts a and b of...Ch. 8 - Compare your answers from Exercise 72 to the H...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpies of formation for S(g),...Ch. 8 - Use the following standard enthalpies of formation...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpy of formation for N2H2(g) is...Ch. 8 - The standard enthalpy of formation for NO(g) is...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - One type of exception to the octet rule are...Ch. 8 - Lewis structures can be used to understand why...Ch. 8 - The most common exceptions to the octet rule are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 92ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all...Ch. 8 - Prob. 94ECh. 8 - Benzene (C6H6) consists of a six-membered ring of...Ch. 8 - Borazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic...Ch. 8 - An important observation supporting the concept of...Ch. 8 - Consider the following bond lengths: CO143pmC9O123...Ch. 8 - A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December...Ch. 8 - Prob. 103ECh. 8 - Prob. 104ECh. 8 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for the species in Exercise...Ch. 8 - Oxidation of the cyanide ion produces the stable...Ch. 8 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 8 - Carbon and sulfur form compounds with each other...Ch. 8 - Prob. 112ECh. 8 - Predict the molecular structure and bond angles...Ch. 8 - Predict die molecular structure and bond angles...Ch. 8 - There are several molecular structures based on...Ch. 8 - Two variations of the octahedral geometry (see...Ch. 8 - Prob. 117ECh. 8 - Consider the molecular structures illustrated in...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure (including bond...Ch. 8 - Prob. 123ECh. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 120 have net...Ch. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 121 have net...Ch. 8 - Which of the molecules in Exercise 122 have net...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures and predict the molecular...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures and predict whether each of...Ch. 8 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 8 - Consider the following Lewis structure where E is...Ch. 8 - Two different compounds exist having the formula...Ch. 8 - Two different compounds have the formula XeF2Cl2....Ch. 8 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 8 - For each of the following, write an equation that...Ch. 8 - Use bond energies (table 3-3), values of electron...Ch. 8 - Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3....Ch. 8 - Which member of the following pairs would you...Ch. 8 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 139AECh. 8 - Although both Br3 and I3 ions are known, the F3...Ch. 8 - Prob. 142AECh. 8 - Which of the following molecules have not dipole...Ch. 8 - Prob. 145AECh. 8 - Look up the energies for the bonds in CO and N2....Ch. 8 - Classify the bonding in each of the following...Ch. 8 - List the bonds PCl, PF, OF, and SiF from least...Ch. 8 - Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 8 - Use the following data to estimate E for the...Ch. 8 - Use bond energy values to estimate E for the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following compounds or ions exhibit...Ch. 8 - The formulas of several chemical substances are...Ch. 8 - Predict the molecular structure, bond angles, and...Ch. 8 - Use Coulombs Jaw, V=Q1Q240r=2.311019Jnm(Q1Q2r) to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 156CPCh. 8 - Calculate the standard heat of formation of the...Ch. 8 - Given the following information: Energy of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 159CPCh. 8 - Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps...Ch. 8 - The compound NF3 is quite stable, but NCl3, is...Ch. 8 - Three processes that have been used for the...Ch. 8 - The compound hexaazaisowurtzitane is one of the...Ch. 8 - Many times extra stability is characteristic of a...Ch. 8 - The study of carbon-containing compounds and their...Ch. 8 - Draw a Lewis structure for the N,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 167CPCh. 8 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 8 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 8 - A compound, XF5, is 42.81% fluorine by mass....Ch. 8 - Identify the following elements based on their...
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- Draw the stepwise mechanismarrow_forwardDraw a structural formula of the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with each reagent. (a) H₂O (one equivalent), H₂SO₄, heat (b) H₂O (excess), H₂SO₄, heat (c) NaOH, H₂O, heat (d) LiAlH4, then H₂Oarrow_forwardDraw the stepwise mechanism for the reactionsarrow_forward
- Draw stepwise mechanismarrow_forwardPart I. Draw reaction mechanism for the transformations of benzophenone to benzopinacol to benzopinaco lone and answer the ff: a) Give the major reason for the exposure of benzophenone al isopropyl alcohol (w/acid) to direct sunlight of pina colone Mechanism For b) Pinacol (2,3-dimethy 1, 1-3-butanediol) on treatment w/ acid gives a mixture (3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone) and 2, 3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene. Give reasonable the formation of the productsarrow_forwardwhat are the Iupac names for each structurearrow_forward
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