Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 149CWP
Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following groups in order of decreasing size.
a. O, O−, O2−
b. Fe2+, NF+, zn2+
c. Ca2+, K+, Cl−
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c) Explain which would have the lowest second ionization energy.
Explain which species in each of the following pairs would have the greater electronegativity.
a. lithium or nitrogen
b. sulfur or selenium
Consider the following table of ionization energies in kJ/mole.
Element
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
Na
496
4562
6912
9544
13353
16610
738
1451
7733
Mg
Al
10540
13630
17995
18378
578
1817
2745
11577
14831
Si
786
1577
3232
4356
16091
19785
P
1012
1903
2912
4957
6274
21269
a. Explain why the first ionization energy generally increases as one goes down the group of elements
listed above.
b. Explain why for a particular element , the second ionization energy is greater than the first jonization
energy, the third is greater than the second etc.
c. Explain why Mg has a higher first ionization energy than does Na, but a lower second ionization
energy than does Na.
d. Explain why for aluminum there is a large increase in ionization from 3rd to 4th
Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt).
Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth.
Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s)
Lattice energy for XtF2
-2360. kJ/mol
First Ionization energy of Xt
520. kJ/mol
Second Ionization energy of Xt
936 kJ/mol
Electron affinity of F
-327.8 kJ/mol
Bond energy of F2
154 kJ/mol
Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt
180. kJ/mol
Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.
2. Identify the true statement.
a. Polar covalent compounds result from a complete transfer of at least one electron.
b. Sodium is unlikely to form a bond with lithium.
c. Covalent compounds exist in large lattices.
d. The smallest unit of an ionic compound is a molecule.
3. A piece of zinc metal is placed in an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate. The products of this
reaction are
a. ZnMg(s) + SO4(aq)
b. Mg(s) + ZnSO4(aq)
c. MgS(s) + ZnO4(aq)
d. ZnO(s) + MgSO4(aq)
e. There will be no reaction.
4. The shape of the NC13 molecule is
a. linear
b. trigonal planar
c. tetrahedral
d. trigonal pyramidal
e. V-shaped
Imi
5. Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?
a. NH3
b. PH3
c. AsH3
d. They would all have approximately the same boiling point.
20
6. Aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and sodium sulfate are mixed. The products of the reaction are
a. Ag2SO4(aq) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
b. AgSO4(s) + Na2(NO3)2(aq)
c. Ag2SO4(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq)
d. AgSO4(aq) + Na2(NO3
e. There will be no…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
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