Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
To name the
Concept introduction:
The longest carbon chain containing the double bond to be chosen. Based on the name of the parent compound - the alkene name ends with the suffix -ene. The chain is to be numbered from the end that gives the lowest number to the carbon in double bond. Substituents are to be numbered according to their positions in the chain and listed alphabetically. The position of the double bond is indicated by giving the number of the first alkene carbon before the name of the parent name.
In skeletal structures the carbon and hydrogen atoms are not usually shown. Instead carbon atoms are assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. Hydrogen atoms required are fitted mentally having in mind the valence of carbon is four. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.
To name:
The alkene given and to draw its skeletal structure.

Answer to Problem 22VC
The IUPAC name of the compound is 2, 4, 5-trimethyl-2-hexene. Its skeletal structure is,
Explanation of Solution
The compound given has a continuous chain of six carbons with a double bond between C2 and C3 and three methyl substituents on C2, C4 and C5. Hence the name 2, 4, 5-trimethyl-2-hexene.
The IUPAC name of the compound is 2, 4, 5-trimethyl-2-hexene. Its skeletal structure is,
b)
Interpretation:
To name the alkene given and to draw its skeletal structure.
Concept introduction:
The maximum number of carbons in the ring is counted. Based on the name of the parent cycloalkane - the cycloalkene is named with the suffix -ene. The cycloalkane is numbered such that the double bond is in between C1 & C2 and the first substituent has the lowest number possible. Usually the position of a double bond is not shown in the name because it is always between C1 & C2. In dienes and trienes, however the position of double bonds is shown.
In skeletal structures the carbon and hydrogen atoms are not usually shown. Instead carbon atoms are assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. Hydrogen atoms required are fitted mentally having in mind the valence of carbon is four. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown.
To name:
The alkene given and to draw its skeletal structure.

Answer to Problem 22VC
The IUPAC name of the compound is 1-ethyl-3, 3-dimethylcyclohexene. Its skeletal structure is,
Explanation of Solution
The compound given has a six membered ring with an ethyl group on C1 and two methyl groups both on C3. Hence the name is 1-ethyl-3, 3-dimethylcyclohexene.
The IUPAC name of the compound is 1-ethyl-3, 3-dimethylcyclohexene. Its skeletal structure is,
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Chapter 7 Solutions
EP ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,24 MONTH-OWLV2
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- A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:arrow_forward3:48 PM Fri Apr 4 K Problem 4 of 10 Submit Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Mg. :0: Select to Add Arrows :0: :Br: Mg :0: :0: Select to Add Arrows Mg. Br: :0: 0:0- Br -190 H 0:0 Select to Add Arrows Select to Add Arrows neutralizing workup H CH3arrow_forward
- Iarrow_forwardDraw the Markovnikov product of the hydrobromination of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. + Explanation Check 1 X E 4 1 1 1 1 1 HBr Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 LE #3 @ 2 $4 0 I அ2 % 85 F * K M ? BH 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center & 6 27 FG F10 8 9 R T Y U D F G H P J K L Z X C V B N M Q W A S H option command H command optiarrow_forwardBe sure to use wedge and dash bonds to show the stereochemistry of the products when it's important, for example to distinguish between two different major products. Predict the major products of the following reaction. Explanation Q F1 A Check F2 @ 2 # 3 + X 80 F3 W E S D $ 4 I O H. H₂ 2 R Pt % 05 LL ee F6 F5 T <6 G Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 27 & A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center Acce Y U H DII 8 9 F10 4 J K L Z X C V B N M T H option command F11 P H commandarrow_forward
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