Chapter 7.5, Problem 6PPC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given species, the species that requires hybrid orbital concept to explain its geometry should be determined.

Concept introduction:

• Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.

  According to valence bond theory,

• The bonds between atoms are formed by sharing their electrons through the overlap of atomic orbitals between other atoms.
• The each overlapping atomic orbital must be contained with a single unpaired.
• The electron carried by each overlapping atomic of must have opposite spins.
• Formation of a bond between atoms should have lower potential energy as compared to the sum of potential energies of individual atoms.
• The bond angle of bonds is depends upon the angle between overlapping orbitals and lone pairs of central atom.

To check: The geometry of ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ and ${\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{2-}}$ molecules on the basis of valence bond theory and hybrid orbital theory.