Chapter 7.5, Problem 17ATS

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The products for the given set of reaction and their stereo chemical relationship should be identified.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction. The increasing stability order of carbocation is as follows,

Primary carbocation < secondary carbocation < tertiary carbocation

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

Chiral carbon: Carbon is said to be chiral if it is bonded to four different substituents.

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule with chiral carbon.

Diastereomers: Stereoisomers of compound with two or more chiral centers which are not mirror images of each other.

Stereoisomerism: Two or more compounds with same composition but differ in their spatial arrangement.