Microbiology: A Systems Approach
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402437
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7.2, Problem 12AYP
Discuss characteristics of biofilms that differentiate them from planktonic bacteria and their infections.
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Outline a method for using apomixis to maintain feminized CannabisAssume apomixis is controlled by a single dominant gene. You can choose the type of apomixis: obligate or facultative, gametophytic or sporophytic. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of your proposed method.
Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Ch. 7.1 - List the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell.Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2AYPCh. 7.1 - List and define four different terms that describe...Ch. 7.1 - Define saprobe and parasite, and provide microbial...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 7.1 - Identify the effects of isotonic, hypotonic, and...Ch. 7.1 - Name two types of passive transport and three...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CFCh. 7.2 - List and define five terms used to express a...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 7.2 - Discuss characteristics of biofilms that...Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the steps of cell division used by most...Ch. 7.3 - Define doubling time and describe how it leads to...Ch. 7.3 - Compare and contrast the four phases of growth in...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 7 - Prob. 1CFCh. 7 - The source of the necessary elements of life is a....Ch. 7 - An organism that can synthesize all its required...Ch. 7 - Chemoautotrophs can survive on ______ alone. a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 7 - A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 7 - In a viable plate count, each _____ represents a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11TFCh. 7 - Prob. 12TFCh. 7 - Prob. 13TFCh. 7 - Prob. 14TFCh. 7 - Prob. 15TFCh. 7 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7 - Prob. 1VCCh. 7 - Prob. 2VCCh. 7 - Using the words that follow, please create a...
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- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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