Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7.10, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Ribosomes of bacteria are a major target site for antibiotics. These drugs inhibit the function of ribosomes by interfering with the translation of messenger RNA or by blocking the peptide bond formation. Thus inhibits the process of protein synthesis. Most of the antibiotics act by targeting the protein synthesis, which is an essential process for bacterial growth.
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What part of a eukaryotic cell could be affected by antibiotics that target ribosomes and why?
:) Choose the statement that correctly explains how an antibiotic that inhibits protein
synthesis can be selective.
A) Antibiotics bind to the 70S bacterial ribosomes but not to the 80S eukaryotic
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ribosomes.
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B) Eukaryotic cells are impermeable to these antibiotics so the antibiotics cannot enter
them.
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3)
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C) Eukaryotic cells inactivate these antibiotics.
D) Antibiotics prevent the synthesis of bacterial tRNAs but not eukaryotic tRNAs.
Infection occurs when
A) a person swallows microbes in/on food
B) contaminants are present on the skin
C) pathogens enter and multiply in body tissues
D) a person inhales microbes in the air
E) All of the choices are correct.
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Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all
A) target the cell wall
B) have an expanded spectrum of activity
C) have resistance to the action of penicillinase server ingrat at egub…
The ribosome is the target for many important antibiotics. These drugs must discriminate between bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes to achieve drug specificity and toxicity. For the two common antibiotics below, what is their mechanism of action and why are they more toxic to bacteria than eukaryotes?
a) Tetracycline
b) Erythromycin
Chapter 7 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - What is the utility of a reporter gene?Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.3 - What is the divisome?Ch. 7.3 - How does FtsZ find the cell midpoint of a...Ch. 7.3 - What is the role of the penicillin-binding protein...Ch. 7.4 - How does MreB control the shape of a rod-shaped...
Ch. 7.4 - What protein is thought to control the shape of...Ch. 7.4 - What relationships exist between cytoskeletal...Ch. 7.4 - What morphology do cells have that lack MreB or...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.5 - What is transpeptidation and why is it important...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.6 - How are different sets of genes expressed in the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.7 - Why are the levels of DnaA protein controlled...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 7.8 - What is the major transcriptional regulator that...Ch. 7.8 - What is meant by "patterning" during heterocyst...Ch. 7.9 - What are the four basic stages of biofilm...Ch. 7.9 - Besides autoinducer synthesis, what intracellular...Ch. 7.9 - What type of genes does c-di-GMP activate during...Ch. 7.10 - Describe two targets of antibiotics and discuss...Ch. 7.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7.11 - Is persistence a heritable trait?Ch. 7.11 - What prevents the toxin component of TA modules...Ch. 7.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 7.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 7 - If DnaA was not regulated in Escherichia coli and...Ch. 7 - Explain how cells exhibiting different phenotypes...Ch. 7 - Describe how you would genetically design a...
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- Why do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to antibiotics?arrow_forwardLysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial: Question 5 options: A) cell membrane. B) capsule. C) cell wall. D) DNA.arrow_forwardContrary to human cells, most bacteria and viruses both have which of the following? A) Presence of a cell wall B) Presence of a nucleus C) Higher rate of genetic mutations D) Absence of replication capacitiesarrow_forward
- Most antiviral drugs: a) damage the cell wall b) are nucleoside analogs c) are enzymes inhibitors d) prevent viruses from entering cells e) damage the plasma membranearrow_forwardWhich antibiotic affects cell wall synthesis?a)streptomycin b) erythromycin c) tetracycline d)penicillinarrow_forward1) Antibiotics that inhibit the formation of the peptidoglycan layer in bacteria work through inhibiting: a) bacterial ribosome b) Ferredoxin c) NAG-NAM formation d) bactoprenol e) bacterial replication 2) The N-Acetylmuramic acid of the peptidoglycan molecule is attached to the ____ of the tetrapeptide: a) L-Lysine of the tetrapeptide b) D-Alanine c) L-Alanine d) D-Glutamine e) D-Lysine 3) In bacillus bacteria, the second stage of the most common type of growth: a) Crescentin formation b) bactoprenol transportation c) pre-septal elongation d) polar elongation e) b & carrow_forward
- Cytopathic effects (CPE) are visible changes in cells due to: A)viral infection B)mutations C)bacterial infections D)the cell's genes are being expressedarrow_forwardIn the last century, Paul Ehrlich dreamed of a “magic drug” that could eliminate pathogens while preserving the body cells' health. Can you explain the specific actions of antibiotics to destroy bacteria?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about antibiotics is TRUE? a) Antibiotics are used to disinfect bench tops.b) An antibiotic is a type of antiseptic.c) Some antibiotics inhibit the growth of a pathogen and do not kill it.d) Some antibiotics work by binding the 40S ribosomal subunit.e) Antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections.arrow_forward
- why are bacteria considered living organisms, while viruses are usually considered non living?arrow_forwardHow would cellulose-degrading bacteria in the rumen of a cow benefit the animal?arrow_forward13) What is the purpose of a bacterium's cell wall? A) It provides direct protection from antibiotics. B) It prevents sunlight from destroying the cell's DNA. C) It prevents water from diffusing into the cell. D) Bacteria do not have a cell wall.arrow_forward
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