Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305960961
Author: Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 9P
The United States consumes about
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Horizons: Exploring the Universe (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1RQCh. 7 - What evidence can you give that granulation is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3RQCh. 7 - Prob. 4RQCh. 7 - Prob. 5RQCh. 7 - Prob. 6RQCh. 7 - Prob. 7RQCh. 7 - Prob. 8RQCh. 7 - Prob. 9RQCh. 7 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11RQCh. 7 - How can solar flares affect Earth?Ch. 7 - Prob. 13RQCh. 7 - Prob. 14RQCh. 7 - Prob. 15RQCh. 7 - Prob. 16RQCh. 7 - Prob. 17RQCh. 7 - Prob. 18RQCh. 7 - Explain why the presence of spectral lines of a...Ch. 7 - What energy sources on Earth cannot be thought of...Ch. 7 - What would the spectrum of an auroral display look...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4DQCh. 7 - The radius of the Sun is 0.7 million km. Examine...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2PCh. 7 - Prob. 3PCh. 7 - If a sunspot has a temperature of 4200 K and the...Ch. 7 - How much energy is produced when the Sun converts...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6PCh. 7 - Prob. 7PCh. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - The United States consumes about 2.51019 J of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10PCh. 7 - Prob. 1LTLCh. 7 - Prob. 2LTLCh. 7 - Prob. 3LTL
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- Consider a cloudless day on which the sun shines down across the United States. If 2336 kJ2336 kJ of energy reaches a square meter (m2)(m2) of the United States in one hour, how much total solar energy reaches the entire United States per hour? The entire area of the United States is 9,158,960 km29,158,960 km2.arrow_forwardNow suppose that all of the hydrogen atoms in the Sun were converted into helium. How much total energy would be produced? (To calculate the answer, you will have to estimate how many hydrogen atoms are in the Sun. This will give you good practice with scientific notation, since the numbers involved are very large! See Appendix C for a review of scientific notation.)arrow_forwardStep-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forward
- The hot liquid magma of molten earth was on full display in Mauna Loa as it has been actively erupting over the past couple of weeks.Geologist and scientist have determined that about 50% of the earth's interior is due to the release of heat by the decay of radioactive elements like potassium-40, uranium-238 and thorium-232, which have half-lives of 1.25 billion, 4 billion and 14 billion years, respectively. a) Write the equation of the BETA-minus decay of potassium-40. b). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of uranium-238. c). Write the equation of the ALPHA decay of thorium-232.arrow_forwardThe capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment a. can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. b. indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected. c. indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected. d. indicates that the sun’s core is convective. e. is explained by none of the above.arrow_forward1. The mass of the Sun is about 2x10³0 kg. The Sun was about 72% hydrogen when it first formed. About 11% of the total amount of the Sun's hydrogen is available for fusion within the Sun's core. [3 points] (a) What is the total mass of hydrogen available for fusion, in kg? (b) The Sun fuses about 600 billion kg of hydrogen each second. Calculate how long the Sun's initial supply of hydrogen can last. Give your answer in both seconds and years. Hint: use the result you calculated in part (a). (c) We know that our Solar System is about 4.5 billion years old. Using your calculation above, how much longer do we have until the Sun runs out of hydrogen?arrow_forward
- High energy cosmic rays from space hit the nitrogen in the atmosphereand convert it from nitrogen (N14) into carbon (C14). This produces a steadyconcentration of C14 in the atmosphere once the decay rate of the C14 back intoN14 matches the conversion rate from the cosmic ray flux (which is assumedto be constant for reasons you can ask me about if you want) a) What kind of radiation (what kind of particle) does the C14 emit when it decays? Tellme how you know?b) The concentration of C14 in plants (and animals) comes into equilibrium with the at-mosphere because living things use the ambient carbon to make their cellular structures.However, once a plant dies, it no longer consumes C14. The C14 starts to decay away—allowing us to calculate when the plant died because the C14/C12 ratio doesn’t match theatmosphere. If the half life of C14 is 5000 years, what is the age of a piece of charcoal froma site from the Clovis peoples of North America if the concentration of C14 is 15% of…arrow_forwardHow many days would it take for the particles to reach earth if thr solar wind speed increased to 2000 km/s?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is least reasonable regarding energy production in the Sun? Group of answer choices Although the Sun is losing some energy, it is getting bigger and gaining some mass because some of the radiated energy is being converted to mass. The core of the Sun is converting hydrogen to helium through nuclear fusion. Some of the energy produced in the Sun through nuclear fusion can be harnessed on Earth with photovoltaic (e.g., solar panels) technology. The mass m lost in a nuclear fusion reaction can be accounted for by a gain of energy E according to the famous equation E=mc2.arrow_forward
- The sun’s energy comes from nuclear reactions that fuse lighter nuclei into heavier ones, releasing energy in the process. The solar fusion process begins when two protons (the nuclei of hydrogen atoms) merge to produce a deuterium nucleus. Deuterium is the “heavy” isotope of hydrogen, with a nucleus consisting of a proton and a neutron. To become deuterium, one of the protons that fused has to turn into a neutron. Our interest for now lies not with the nuclear physics but with the conditions that allow fusion to occur. Before two protons can fuse, they must come into contact. However, the energy required to bring two protons into contact is considerable because the electric potential energy of the two protons increases rapidly as they approach each other. Fusion occurs in the core of the sun because the ultra-high temperature there gives the protons the kinetic energy they need to come together. a. A proton…arrow_forwardProblem 1. Mass-Energy conversion in the Sun (Palen, et. al. 3rd Edition, Chapter 11, problems 38, 39) The Sun produces energy by converting mass m into energy E according to E = mc2 where c is the speed of light (c = 300,000 km/sec). Show that if the Sun produces 3.85 × 1026 joules (J) of energy per second, it must convert 4.3 billion kg of mass per second into energy. Note that 1 J/s is a watt (W), which may be more familiar to you. How much mass has the Sun lost over its lifetime (4.5 billion years)? The current mass of the Sun is 2 × 1030. What fraction of this mass has been converted into energy during the Sun’s lifetime?arrow_forwardAdd a fourth column to Table 13-1 and write in the atomic mass for each rows fuel element (see Appendix Table A-14). Review the curve of binding energy, Figure 8-15. Explain the trend of fusion time versus fuel atomic mass.arrow_forward
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