Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 8ALQ
Explain why oceanfront areas generally have smaller temperature fluctuations than inland areas.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Water is exposed to infrared radiation of wavelength 2.80 x 10-4 cm. Assume that all the radiation is absorbed and converted to heat. How many photons are required to raise the temperature of 2.00 g of water by 2.00 °C ? [CH2O = 4.184 J/g⋅°C]
2.35 x 1020 photons
7.10 x 1020 photons
2.35 x 1022 photons
5.54 x 1021 photons
7.10 x 1022 photons
The molar heat capacity of a diatomic molecule is 29.1 J/K · mol. Assuming the atmosphere contains
only nitrogen gas and there is no heat loss, calculate the total heat intake (in kJ) if the atmosphere
warms up by 3.0°C during the next 50 years. Given that there are 2.8 x 10²20 moles of diatomic molecule
present, how many kilograms of ice (at the North and South Poles) will this quantity of heat melt at 0°
C? (The molar heat of fusion of ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.)
Total heat intake:
× 10
kJ
Ice melted:
× 10
|kg
(Enter your answer in scientific notation.)
Public water systems often add fluoride to drinking water
because, in the proper amounts, fluoride improves dental
health and prevents cavities. Too much fluoride, however,
can cause fluorosis, which stains teeth. In 2015, the U.S.
Public Health Service (PHS) revised its 1962 recommenda-
tions for the amount of fluoride in public water systems.
The 1962 recommendations depended on the average
temperature for the region in question as shown here.
because U.S. citizens are now getting fluoride from other
sources, including toothpaste and mouthwash. The rec-
ommended level balances the need for fluoride to im-
prove dental health with the risk of developing fluorosis
from too much fluoride. Examine the data in the table and
answer the following questions:
(a) Determine the percent change in optimum recom-
mended fluoride concentration for a water system
with annual average maximum daily temperatures
of 17.8–21.4 °C. Hint: the percent change is given by
1962 Fluoride Recommendations
final…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Ch. 7 - Define the following terms: potential energy,...Ch. 7 - Consider the following potential energy diagrams...Ch. 7 - What is the first law of thermodynamics? How can a...Ch. 7 - When a gas expands, what is the sign of w? Why?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5RQCh. 7 - High-quality audio amplifiers generate large...Ch. 7 - Explain how calorimetry works to calculate H or E...Ch. 7 - What is Hesss law? When a reaction is reversed,...Ch. 7 - Define the standard enthalpy of formation. What...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ALQ
Ch. 7 - Prob. 2ALQCh. 7 - A fire is started in a fireplace by striking a...Ch. 7 - Liquid water turns to ice. Is this process...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 7 - Prob. 6ALQCh. 7 - Consider 5.5 L of a gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm...Ch. 7 - Explain why oceanfront areas generally have...Ch. 7 - Hesss law is really just another statement of the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10ALQCh. 7 - Prob. 11QCh. 7 - Prob. 12QCh. 7 - Assuming gasoline is pure C8H18(l), predict the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14QCh. 7 - The enthalpy change for the reaction...Ch. 7 - For the reaction HgO(s)Hg(l)+12O2(g),H=+90.7KJ: a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 17QCh. 7 - The enthalpy change for a reaction is a state...Ch. 7 - Standard enthalpies of formation are relative...Ch. 7 - The combustion of methane can be represented as...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21QCh. 7 - Prob. 22QCh. 7 - Prob. 23QCh. 7 - Prob. 24QCh. 7 - Prob. 25ECh. 7 - Prob. 26ECh. 7 - Consider the following diagram when answering the...Ch. 7 - Consider the accompanying diagram. Ball A is...Ch. 7 - A gas absorbs 45 kJ of heat and does 29 kJ of...Ch. 7 - A system releases 125 kJ of heat while 104 kJ of...Ch. 7 - Calculate E for each of the following. a. q = 47...Ch. 7 - A system undergoes a process consisting of the...Ch. 7 - If the internal energy of a thermodynamic system...Ch. 7 - Calculate the internal energy change for each of...Ch. 7 - A sample of an ideal gas at 15.0 atm and 10.0 L is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 36ECh. 7 - Consider a mixture of air and gasoline vapor in a...Ch. 7 - As a system increases in volume, it absorbs 52.5 J...Ch. 7 - A balloon filled with 39.1 moles of helium has a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - One of the components of polluted air is NO. It is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42ECh. 7 - Are the following processes exothermic or...Ch. 7 - Are the following processes exothermic or...Ch. 7 - The overall reaction in a commercial heat pack can...Ch. 7 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 7 - Consider the combustion of propane:...Ch. 7 - Consider the following reaction:...Ch. 7 - Prob. 49ECh. 7 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J/Cg....Ch. 7 - A 500-g sample of one of the substances listed in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 52ECh. 7 - A 30.0-g sample of water at 280. K is mixed with...Ch. 7 - A biology experiment requires the preparation of a...Ch. 7 - A 5.00-g sample of aluminum pellets (specific heat...Ch. 7 - Hydrogen gives off 120. J/g of energy when burned...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57ECh. 7 - A 110.-g sample of copper (specific heat capacity...Ch. 7 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 50.0 mL of 0.100 M...Ch. 7 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 100.0 mL of 1.0 M...Ch. 7 - A coffee-cup calorimeter initially contains 125 g...Ch. 7 - In a coffee-cup calorimeter, 1.60 g NH4NO3 is...Ch. 7 - Consider the dissolution of CaCl2:...Ch. 7 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 7 - The heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter was...Ch. 7 - The combustion of 0.1584 g benzoic acid increases...Ch. 7 - The enthalpy of combustion of solid carbon to form...Ch. 7 - Combustion reactions involve reacting a substance...Ch. 7 - Given the following data calculate H for the...Ch. 7 - Given the following data...Ch. 7 - Prob. 71ECh. 7 - Calculate H for the reaction...Ch. 7 - Given the following data...Ch. 7 - Given the following data...Ch. 7 - Give the definition of the standard enthalpy of...Ch. 7 - Write reactions for which the enthalpy change will...Ch. 7 - Prob. 77ECh. 7 - Use the values of Hf in Appendix 4 to calculate H...Ch. 7 - The Ostwald process for the commercial production...Ch. 7 - Calculate H for each of the following reactions...Ch. 7 - The reusable booster rockets of the space shuttle...Ch. 7 - The space shuttle Orbiter utilizes the oxidation...Ch. 7 - Consider the reaction...Ch. 7 - The standard enthalpy of combustion of ethene gas,...Ch. 7 - Water gas is produced from the reaction of steam...Ch. 7 - Prob. 86ECh. 7 - Prob. 87ECh. 7 - Prob. 88ECh. 7 - Some automobiles and buses have been equipped to...Ch. 7 - The complete combustion of acetylene, C2H2(g),...Ch. 7 - Prob. 91AECh. 7 - One way to lose weight is to exercise! Walking...Ch. 7 - Three gas-phase reactions were run in a...Ch. 7 - Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form...Ch. 7 - Combustion of table sugar produces CO2(g) and H2O(...Ch. 7 - Prob. 96AECh. 7 - Consider the following cyclic process carried out...Ch. 7 - Calculate H for the reaction...Ch. 7 - The enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 100AECh. 7 - If a student performs an endothermic reaction in a...Ch. 7 - In a bomb calorimeter, the reaction vessel is...Ch. 7 - The bomb calorimeter in Exercise 102 is filled...Ch. 7 - Prob. 104AECh. 7 - Consider the following equations:...Ch. 7 - Prob. 106AECh. 7 - At 298 K, the standard enthalpies of formation for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 108AECh. 7 - A sample of nickel is heated to 99.8C and placed...Ch. 7 - Quinone is an important type of molecule that is...Ch. 7 - Calculate H for each of the following reactions,...Ch. 7 - Compare your answers from parts a and b of...Ch. 7 - Compare your answer from Exercise 72 of Chapter 3...Ch. 7 - Consider a balloon filled with helium at the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 115CWPCh. 7 - Prob. 116CWPCh. 7 - Prob. 117CWPCh. 7 - A swimming pool, 10.0 m by 4.0 m, is filled with...Ch. 7 - Prob. 119CWPCh. 7 - Calculate H for the reaction...Ch. 7 - Which of the following substances have an enthalpy...Ch. 7 - Consider 2.00 moles of an ideal gas that are taken...Ch. 7 - For the process H2O(l)H2O(g) at 298 K and 1.0 atm,...Ch. 7 - The sun supplies energy at a rate of about 1.0...Ch. 7 - Prob. 125CPCh. 7 - The standard enthalpies of formation for S(g),...Ch. 7 - Use the following standard enthalpies of formation...Ch. 7 - The standard enthalpy of formation for N2H4(g) is...Ch. 7 - The standard enthalpy of formation for NO(g) is...Ch. 7 - A piece of chocolate cake contains about 400...Ch. 7 - You have a l.00-mole sample of water at 30.C and...Ch. 7 - A 500.0-g sample of an element at 195C is dropped...Ch. 7 - A cubic piece of uranium metal (specific heat...Ch. 7 - On Easter Sunday, April 3, 1983, nitric acid...Ch. 7 - Using data from Chapter 2, calculate the change in...Ch. 7 - In Exercise 89 in Chapter 3, the Lewis structures...Ch. 7 - A gaseous hydrocarbon reacts completely with...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How much energy is required to raise the temperature of 12.2 grams of gaseous nitrogen from 23.0 °C to 37.0 °C ?arrow_forwardWhat is the meaning of feedback loop within the context of climate change? Describe how global warming is a positive feedback loop and the participation of greenhouse gases in that looparrow_forward= 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 thermometer A 52.3 g sample of quartz is put into a calorimeter (see sketch at right) that contains 100.0 g of water. The quartz sample starts off alo insulated container at 90.2 °C and the temperature of the water starts off at 24.0 °C. When the temperature of the water stops changing it's 29.6 °C. The pressure remains constant at 1 atm. water Calculate the specific heat capacity of quartz according to this experiment. Be sure your answer is rounded to 2 significant digits. sample a calorimeter J ?arrow_forward
- The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/g⋅∘CJ/g⋅∘C. Calculate the molar heat capacity of water. Express your answer numerically, in joules per mole Celsius, to three significant figures.arrow_forwardA student dissolves 12.6 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water fall from 22.0 °C to 17.9 °C over the course of 8.1 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH4NO₂ (s) NH(aq) + NO3(aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔΗ per mole of NH4NO3. rxn exothermic…arrow_forwardA student dissolves 11.9 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water fall from 22.0 °C to 16.5 °C over the course of 7.6 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH4NO3 (s) NH(aq) + NO3 (aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔΗ, per mole of NH4NO3. rxn 0…arrow_forward
- 14. The total volume of the Pacific Ocean is estimated to be 7.2 × 108 km3. A medium-sized atomic bomb produces 1.0 × 1015 J of energy upon explosion. Calculate the number of atomic bombs needed to release enough energy to raise the temperature of the water in the Pacific Ocean by 1°C.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between heat capacity and specific heat of a substance. Heat capacity refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 °C; specific heat refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C. Thus, heat capacity is an intensive property, and specific heat is an extensive one. Specific heat refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 °C; heat capacity refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C. Thus, heat capacity is an intensive property, and specific heat is an extensive one. Heat capacity refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 °C; specific heat refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 °C. Thus, heat capacity is an extensive property, and specific heat is an intensive one.arrow_forwardA student dissolves 12.8 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO₂) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observes the temperature of the water fall from 22,0 °C to 16.5 °C over the course of 5.6 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH NO3(s)→ NH(aq) + NO3(aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy AH per mole of NH NO rxn exothermic…arrow_forward
- I figured out the first three questions but am stuck on the last one In the upper atmosphere, ozone is produced from oxygen gas in the following reaction. 3O2(g) → 2O3(g) Calculate ΔHo for this reaction. Enter your answer in kJ and give 3 significant figures. 285 You are correct.Your receipt no. is 155-2894 Previous Tries Calculate ΔSo for ozone formation. (Enter your answer in J/K and give 3 significant figures). -141 You are correct.Your receipt no. is 155-2957 Previous Tries Calculate ΔGo for ozone formation. (Enter your answer in kJ and give 3 significant figures). 326 You are correct.Your receipt no. is 155-1799 Previous Tries Assume an atmosphere where p(O2) = 0.200 atm, and where T = 298 K. Below what pressure of O3 will ozone production be spontaneous? (Enter your answer in atm).arrow_forwardA student dissolves 11.5 g of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in 200. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observes the temperature of the water fall from 20.0 °C to 16.6 °C over the course of 4 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: NH4NO3(s) NH(aq) + NO, (aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔΗ AH per mole of…arrow_forwardA student dissolves 13.1 g of lithium chloride (LiCl) in 300. g of water in a well-insulated open cup. She then observes the temperature of the water rise from 20.0 °C to 27.4 °C over the course of 8.1 minutes. Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction: LiCl(s) Li*(aq) + Cl (aq) You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: it's possible the student did not do the experiment carefully, and the values you calculate may not be the same as the known and published values for this reaction. exothermic x10 Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither? endothermic neither If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case. kJ kJ Calculate the reaction enthalpy…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY