Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781305079243
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 104AE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: One kilogram of reactant mixture produced energy of given reactions should be calculated and the high energy produced reaction should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Standard enthalpy of formation:

  • The change in enthalpy that associate with the formation of one mole of a product from its pure elements, with all substances in its standard states is called as a standard enthalpy of formation.
  • The enthalpy of reaction is equal to the subtraction of standard enthalpy of formation of reactants from product.
  • Formula:

                 ΔHfnpΔH°f(products)-nrΔH°f(reactants)......(1)

                                  n is number of moles

  • The heat (energy) change of the reaction at constant pressure is equal to enthalpy change.
  • The kilogram mass of the reactants produced energy is equal to the ratio of the energy released and mass of the substance (kg).

    Energy(heat)perkilogram=Energy(kJ)Mass(kg)......(2)

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 104AE

Answer

The N2O4/N2H3CH3 mixture released energy is -7129 kJ and this is the more energy released than to Al /NH4ClO4 mixture.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Calculate the enthalpy change of given reactions.

Given data:

3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g)......(1)4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g)......(2)

                       

Enthalpy change of given reaction 1 is,

  • The fuel reaction is:

                         3Al(s)+3NH4ClO4(s)Al2O3(s)+AlCl3(s)+3NO(g)+6H2O(g)......(1)

ΔHreaction1=[{(-242kJmol)}+{(90kJmol)}+{(-704kJmol)}+{(-1676kJmol)}]-[(-295kJmol)]=-2677KJ

                           

Enthalpy change of given reaction 2 is,

  ΔΗreaction2=[{12×(-242kJmol)}+{(-393.5 kJmol)}]-[{(-20kJmol)}+{(54kJmol)}]=-4594KJ

  • The standard enthalpy of formation of reactants and products are taken from the standard data and this are plugging in to equation (1) to get the enthalpy change of the reactions.
  • The enthalpy change of reaction (1) is -2677KJ and reaction (2) is -4594KJ.

To calculate the per kilogram of reactant mixture produced energy in reaction 1

The molecular weight of reactants is:

                                NH4ClO = 117.49g,Al = 26.98 g

                     ΔH°reaction1=[3mol{26.98gmol}+3mol{117.49gmol}]=433.41g                = 0.43341kgForthe1.0kgoffulereleasedenergyis:=releasedenergy(kJ)mass(kg)=-2677kJ0.43341kg=-6177KJ

  • The molecular weights of the reactants are multiplied by its coefficients and sum of this give the 1 mole of reactants mass. The given released energy is divided by total mass of reactants to given kilogram of reactants produced energy.
  • The per kilogram of reactant mixture produced energy is -6177KJ.

To calculate per kilogram of reactant mixture produced energy in reaction 2.

The molecular weight of reactants is:

                                N2H3CH3=46.08g, N2O4=92.02g

                       ΔH°reaction2=[5mol{92.02gmol}+4mol{46.08gmol}]=644.42g                = 0.64412 KgForthe1.0kgoffulereleasedenergyis:=releasedenergy(kJ)mass(kg)=-4594kJ0.64412 Kg=-7129KJ

The fuel reaction is:

                       4N2H3CH3(l)+5N2O4(l)12H2O(g)+9N2(g)+4CO2(g)......(2)

  • The molecular weights of the reactants are multiplied by its coefficients and sum of this give the 1 mole of reactants mass.
  • The given released energy is divided by total mass of reactants (kg) to get  produced energy per kilogram of reactants.
  • The produced energy per kilogram of reactant mixture is -7129KJ.
Conclusion

Conclusion

  • The produced energy per kilogram of reactant mixtures are calculated by using enthalpy of formation and the energy per kilogram of reactant mixtures was N2O4/N2H3CH3 mixture was -7129 kJ,  Al /NH4ClO4 mixture was -6177KJ.

From the result the produced energy per kilogram of reactant mixture N2O4/N2H3CH3 was higher than the Al /NH4ClO4 mixture.

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach

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