Chapter 7, Problem 7.68QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of the C atoms, and the N atoms in tryptophan and the number of pi bonds and sigma bonds in tryptophan molecule has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization: The concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals.

There are few steps to determine hybridization of an atom in a molecule.

• Count the number of atoms connected to the atom wish to calculate hybridization.
• Count the number of lone pairs attached to the atom wish to calculate hybridization.
• Sum these two numbers together to get final answer.
• If it is 4, the atom present in ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybridization.
• If it is 3, the atom present in ${\text{sp}}^2$ hybridization.
• If it is 2, the atom present in $\text{sp}$ hybridization.
• If it is 1, probably hydrogen.

Sigma bond: The formation of a molecular orbital by the end to end overlap of atomic orbitals is known as sigma bond.

Pi bond: The formation of a molecular orbital by the side to side overlap of atomic orbitals along a plane perpendicular to line connecting the nuclei of the atoms is known as pi bond.