Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
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Chapter 7, Problem 7.59E
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Here are the energies (in kcal/mol) for staggered and eclipsed interactions
for CH, CC, and CBr bonds
eclipsed (0°) staggered (60°)
bonds
CH/CH
1.0
0.0
CH/CC
1.3
0.0
Br:
CC/CC
3.0
0.9
Br
CH/CBr
1.8
0.0
CC / CBr
3.3
1.0
CBr / CBr
3.7
1.2
a) I've drawn the Newman projection for one of the staggered conformations of the molecule
above, looking down the C2-C3 bond. Draw Newman projections for the other two staggered
and the three eclipsed conformations (in order).
CH₂
H3C.
H'
H
Br
b) Calculate the relative energies for each of the conformations and write them below each
conformation.
90. Draw the stereoisomers obtained from each of the following reactions:
a.
H₂
b.
H₂
C.
H₂
Pd/C
Pd/C
Pd/C
36. The emission spectrum below for a one-electron (hydrogen-like) species in the gas
phase shows all the lines, before they merge together, resulting from transitions to the
first excited state from higher energy states. Line A has a wavelength of 434 nm.
BA
Increasing wavelength, λ
(a) What are the upper and lower principal quantum numbers corresponding to the lines
labeled A and B? (b) Identify the one-electron species that exhibits the spectrum.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.2ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.3ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.4ECh. 7 - 7.5. For this chemical equilibrium in an enclosed...Ch. 7 - 7.6. The production of nitrogen gas for automobile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.8ECh. 7 - 7.9. For a solution of and in which , what are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10E
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.11ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.12ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.13ECh. 7 - 7.14. Determine the total equilibrium pressure of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.15ECh. 7 - 7.16. Many police departments use breath tests to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.17ECh. 7 - 7.18. The vapor pressures of pure liquid A and...Ch. 7 - 7.19. At , the vapor pressure of pure ethanol, ,...Ch. 7 - 7.20. A solution of methanol () and ethanol () has...Ch. 7 - 7.21. At , the vapor pressure of pure ethanol, ,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.22ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.23ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.24ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.25ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.26ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.27ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.28ECh. 7 - What are mixG and mixS for the combination of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.30ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.31ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.32ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.33ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.34ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.35ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.36ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.37ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.38ECh. 7 - Convert the units of Henrys law constant for CO2,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.40ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.41ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.42ECh. 7 - 7.43. The Henry’s law constant for methyl...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.44ECh. 7 - 7.45. At , the mole fraction of air in water is...Ch. 7 - 7.45. At , the mole fraction of nitrogen, , in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.47ECh. 7 - 7.48. Nitrogen narcosis begins to affect scuba...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.49ECh. 7 - 7.50. What is the approximate molarity of a...Ch. 7 - 7.51. Calculate the solubility of phenol, , in...Ch. 7 - a Convert the calculated mole fraction of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.53ECh. 7 - Consider the following solutions: Sodium chloride...Ch. 7 - Determine how ideal the following solutions are by...Ch. 7 - Iron metal has a fusH value of 14.9kJ/mol and is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.57ECh. 7 - 7.58. Do communities that use salt in the winter...Ch. 7 - 7.59. Starting from in figure in the liquid...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.60ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.61ECh. 7 - Estimate the solubility of Na in Hg at 0C. The...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.63ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.64ECh. 7 - Explain how the unit molarity automatically...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.66ECh. 7 - The vapor pressure of isopropanol is 47.0mmHg at...Ch. 7 - A sample of 25.0g of solid anthracene is dissolved...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.69ECh. 7 - A technician dissolves 12.00g of a nonvolatile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.71ECh. 7 - Estimate the osmotic pressure, freezing point, and...Ch. 7 - In February 2006, a pharmacy technician...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.74ECh. 7 - Calculate the freezing point depression of mercury...Ch. 7 - Glacial acetic acid has a melting point of 16.0C...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.77ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.78ECh. 7 - Use the system in exercise 7.62 to calculate the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.80ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.81ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.82ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.83ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.84ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.85ECh. 7 - Determine osmotic pressures for each solution...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.87ECh. 7 - The vapor pressures of benzene and and 1,1...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.89ECh. 7 - Tabulate the solubility of naphthalene in toluene...
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- f) The unusual molecule [2.2.2] propellane is pictured. 1) Given the bond length and bond angles in the image, what hybridization scheme best describes the carbons marked by the askerisks? 2) What types of orbitals are used in the bond between the two carbons marked by the askerisks? 3) How does this bond compare to an ordinary carbon-carbon bond (which is usually 1.54 Å long)? H₂C H₂C CH2 1.60Å ハ C. * CH₂ H₂C * C H₂ 120°arrow_forwardQuestion Resonance Forms a) Draw all resonance forms of the molecules. Include curved arrow notation. Label major resonance contributor Resonance Forms a) Draw all resonance forms of the molecules. Include curved arrow notation. Label major resonance contributorarrow_forwardCan you show me or determine the longest carbon chain, which is octane? Potentially highlight it in different sections to show me, plz, or individually?arrow_forward
- PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS!!arrow_forwardd) Determine the formal charge on the nitrogen atom in each of the structures. NH3 NH2 N C бобкат : N N H H Н H2N-OH A B C D E F Garrow_forwardLewis Structure, Hybridization & Molecular Geometry a) Draw the Lewis Structure of the molecules; Label the hybridization of each carbon atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around each carbon atom. CH3CHO CH3CN b) Draw the Lewis Structure of Nitromethane; Predict the approximate molecular geometry around the nitrogen atom. CH3NO2 c) Draw the Lewis Structure; Label the hybridization of the boron atom; Predict the approximate molecular geometry. BF3 BF4arrow_forward
- a. The structure of the bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) ion, HCO3-, HCO3 " is best described as a hybrid of several contributing resonance forms, two of which are shown here. HO :0: HO + :Ö: Bicarbonate is crucial for the control of body pH (for example, blood pH 7.4). A more self-indulgent use is in baking soda, where it serves as a source of CO2 CO2 gas, which gives bread and pastry their fluffy constituency. (i) Draw at least one additional resonance form. = (ii) Using curved "electron-pushing" arrows, show how these Lewis structures may be interconverted by movement of electron pairs. (iii) Determine which form or forms will be the major contributor(s) to the real structure of bicarbonate, explaining your answer on the basis of the criteria in Section 1-5.arrow_forwardCalibri 11 + BIL NAME: Jaylena M A student is investigating the ctect of volume on pressure during a lab activity. The student uses the following volumes (mL). 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 42, 44. 46, and 50. As the volume changed they measured the following pressures (atm) 11.0, 10.5, 10.0, 9.2. 8.5, 78, 75, 7.0, 6.8, 6.5, 6.0, 5.9, 5.5, 5.0, 4.8, 4.5, 4.2, 3.9, 3.8, 3.5, 3.3, 3.2, 3.0, 2.9. What is the independent variable? Volume Imla What is the dependent variable? Pressure Jatm Use the data and make a PROPER data table. Volume 1mL) Pressure latm 110arrow_forwardDraw all resonance forms of the molecules. Include curved arrow notation. Label major resonance contributor.arrow_forward
- : Resonance Forms a) Draw all resonance forms of the molecules. Include curved arrow notation. Label major resonance contributor. SO₂ NO3arrow_forward1d. Use Le Chatelier's principle to describe the effect of the following changes on the position of the Haber-Bosch equilibrium: N2(g) + 3H2(g)= 2NH3(9) AH = -92kJ Choose one of the following answers: shift to reactant side, shift to product side or no change and draw the resulting graph. I. Increase the [N2(g)] Effect: H₂ N₂ NH3 II. Decrease the volume of the container. Effect: H₂ N₂2 NH3arrow_forwardf) The unusual molecule [2.2.2] propellane is pictured. 1) Given the bond length and bond angles in the image, what hybridization scheme best describes the carbons marked by the askerisks? 2) What types of orbitals are used in the bond between the two carbons marked by the askerisks? 3) How does this bond compare to an ordinary carbon-carbon bond (which is usually 1.54 Å long)? CH2 1.60Å H₂C * H₂C CH2 C H2C * C Of H₂ 120°arrow_forward
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Solutions: Crash Course Chemistry #27; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9h2f1Bjr0p4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY