It is to be explained why most ketones and aldehydes exist primarily in their keto forms but Propanedial exists primarily (>99%) in its enol form. Concept introduction: As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene , and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, there is a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, so called alpha carbon, whereas in the enol form, the hydrogen appears on the oxygen atom instead. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. In general, keto form is more stable than enol because the total bond energy for the keto form is roughly greater than that of the enol form.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.43P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why most ketones and aldehydes exist primarily in their keto forms but Propanedial exists primarily (>99%) in its enol form.

Concept introduction:

As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene, and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, there is a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, so called alpha carbon, whereas in the enol form, the hydrogen appears on the oxygen atom instead. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. In general, keto form is more stable than enol because the total bond energy for the keto form is roughly greater than that of the enol form.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

Don't used Ai solution

I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.43P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why most ketones and aldehydes exist primarily in their keto forms but Propanedial exists primarily (>99%) in its enol form.

Concept introduction:

As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene, and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, there is a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, so called alpha carbon, whereas in the enol form, the hydrogen appears on the oxygen atom instead. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. In general, keto form is more stable than enol because the total bond energy for the keto form is roughly greater than that of the enol form.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.43P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

It is to be explained why most ketones and aldehydes exist primarily in their keto forms but Propanedial exists primarily (>99%) in its enol form.

Concept introduction:

As a ketone or aldehyde, the species is called the keto form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene, and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, there is a hydrogen atom on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, so called alpha carbon, whereas in the enol form, the hydrogen appears on the oxygen atom instead. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. In general, keto form is more stable than enol because the total bond energy for the keto form is roughly greater than that of the enol form.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.43P

Interpretation Introduction