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Interpretation:
Derive expression of general result reduction for ideal gas.
Concept introduction:
For an ideal gas the composition of a molecule is fixed, so the sound speed is temperature dependent.
At a constant temperature, the pressure of gas has no effect on the sound speed, because as density increases, pressure will also increase and since density and pressure have same, but opposite effects on the sound speed, and these two cancel out each other.
For perfect gas,
Interpretation:
Derive expression of general result reduction for an incompressible liquid and The qualitative suggestion for results about the speed of sound in liquids relative to gases should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Match number M = Velocity of fluid / Velocity of sound (C)
For M < 0.3 flow will be incompressible.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL ENGINEERIN
- 1. Consider a mixture of 2.5.0% ethane, 2.0% butane, and 1.7% n-pentane by volume.a. Estimate the LFL and UFL of the mixture. Is it flammable?b. Estimate the LOC for this mixture.arrow_forwardEstimate the LFL and UFL for propylene using Equations 6-10 and 6-11 in the textbook,and compare these to the experimental values given in the table in Appendix B.arrow_forward1. Determine the minimum compression ratio required to raise the temperature of air overhexane to its AIT. Assume an initial temperature of 20°C.2. Ethanol is kept in a storage vessel that is vented with air (at 25°C and 1 atm). Is theequilibrium mixture of vapor above the liquid and air flammable? What if the liquid isacetone instead?arrow_forward
- Hydrogenation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene Reaction: C₈H₁₀ → C₈H₈ + H₂ΔHᵣ°(300°C) = -124 kJ/mol (exact value unknown) Process Description: The basis is 1000 kg/h of separated styrene. The reaction conversion rate is 35%. The temperature increase in heat exchanger 2 is adiabatic. A fresh stream of pure ethylbenzene (25°C) enters a mixing vessel, where it is combined with a recycle stream (from the distillation column, as explained later), which also consists of pure ethylbenzene at 25°C. After mixing, the stream is sent to a heat exchanger (HX1), where the mixture is heated to 200°C. Next, the mixture enters an adiabatic heat exchanger (HX2), where it is further heated to 300°C by adding steam (at 350°C). This steam is used to prevent side reactions and carbon deposition in the reactor. The heated mixture is then fed into the reactor, where the reaction takes place with a conversion rate of 35%. As a result, the mixture cools down to 260°C. The resulting mixture is then sent to HX4, where…arrow_forwardChemical Engineering Questionarrow_forward4.5arrow_forward
- 8. The thermal decomposition of nitric oxide at elevated temperatures 2NO → N₂+02 has been studied in a batch reactor where at temperatures below 2000K the rate expression that applies to low conversions is: r = kCm05 Co At high conversions, or when the initial mixture contains a high concentration of O2 the rate expression is given by: r = k' Cм0.5 C15C0,5 To explain these kinetics the following chain reaction mechanism has been proposed: Initiation: Propagation: 2NON₂O +0 k₂ E1=272.0 kJ/mol 0+ NO O₂+ N E₂-161.0 kJ/mol N+NO N₂+0 E3-1.4 kJ/mol K4 20+ MO₂+M E4=14.0 kJ/mol ks Termination: where M is any molecule capable of the energy transfer necessary to stabilize the oxygen molecule. Once appreciable amounts of O2 are present in the reaction mixture, the initiation reaction that is the primary source of atomic oxygen is no longer the first reaction. Instead, the following reaction begins to dominate the chain initiation process: Initiation (high O2): ks NO +0₂ NO₂+0 E5=198.0 kJ/mol a.…arrow_forward2:41 2) If the number-average degree of polymerization for styrene obtained by the bulk polymerization at 25°C is 5,000, what would be the number-average degree of polymerization if conducted in a 10% solution in toluene (900g of toluene per 100 g of styrene) under otherwise identical conditions? State any assumptions that are needed. (see Table 2-4). Table 2-4 Representative Values of Chain-Transfer Constants Monomer Styrene Chain-Transfer Agent T (°C) C x 104 Styrene 25 bas 0.279 * 50 0.35-0.78 Polystyrene 50 1.9-16.6 Benzoyl peroxide 50 0.13 Toluene 60 0.125 Methyl methacrylate Methyl methacrylate 30 0.117 70 0.2 Poly(methyl methacrylate) 50 0.22-1000 Benzoyl peroxide 50 0.01 Toluene 40 0.170 3) 2 3) Methyl methacrylate is copolymerized with 2-methylbenzyl methacrylate (M₁) in 1,4- dioxane at 60°C using AIBN as the free-radical initiator. (a) Draw the repeating unit of poly(2-methylbenzyl methacrylate). (b) From the data given in the table below, estimate the reactivity ratios of…arrow_forwardA piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.6 m3 of saturated water vapor at 250 kPa. At this state, the piston is resting on a set of stops, and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume becomes 1 m3. Use the data from the steam tables. NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part. Determine the final temperature. The final temperature is ºC. Determine the work done during this process Determine the total heat transferarrow_forward
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