Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 36CTQ
Describe the structure and function of an intervertebral disc.
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 7 - Watch this video...Ch. 7 - View this animation...Ch. 7 - Osteoporosis is a common age-related bone disease...Ch. 7 - Watch this animation...Ch. 7 - Use this tool...Ch. 7 - View this video...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is pact of the axial...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a function of the axial...Ch. 7 - The axial skeleton ________. consists of 126 bones...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a bone of the brain...
Ch. 7 - The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bone to the...Ch. 7 - The middle cranial fossa ________. is bounded...Ch. 7 - The paranasal sinuses are ________. air-filled...Ch. 7 - Parts of the sphenoid bone include the ________....Ch. 7 - The bony openings of the skull include the...Ch. 7 - The cervical region of the vertebral column...Ch. 7 - The primary curvatures of the vertebral column...Ch. 7 - A typical vertebra has ________. a vertebral...Ch. 7 - A typical lumbar vertebra has ________. a short,...Ch. 7 - Which is found only in the cervical region of the...Ch. 7 - The sternum ________. consists of only two parts,...Ch. 7 - The sternal angle is the ________. junction...Ch. 7 - The tubercle of a rib ________. is for...Ch. 7 - True ribs are ________. ribs 8-12 attached via...Ch. 7 - Embryonic development of the axial skeleton...Ch. 7 - A fontanelle ________. is the cartilage model for...Ch. 7 - Define the two divisions of the skeleton.Ch. 7 - Discuss the functions of the axial skeleton.Ch. 7 - Define and list the bones that form the brain case...Ch. 7 - Identify the major sutures of the skull, their...Ch. 7 - Describe the anterior, middle, and posterior...Ch. 7 - Describe the parts of the nasal septum in both the...Ch. 7 - Describe the vertebral column and define each...Ch. 7 - Describe a typical vertebra.Ch. 7 - Describe the sacrum.Ch. 7 - Describe the structure and function of an...Ch. 7 - Define the ligaments of the vertebral column.Ch. 7 - Define the parts and functions of the thoracic...Ch. 7 - Describe the parts of the sternum.Ch. 7 - Discuss the parts of a typical rib.Ch. 7 - Define the classes of ribs.Ch. 7 - Discuss the processes by which the brain-case...Ch. 7 - Discuss the process that gives rise to the base...Ch. 7 - Discuss the development of the vertebrae, ribs,...
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- Normal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forwardHow much ATP will be produced during the following metabolic scenario: Aerobic respiration of a 5mM lipid solution that is made up of one glycerol and an 8-carbon fatty acid and 12-carbon fatty acid. Recall that when glycerol breaks down to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate it costs one ATP but your get an extra FADH2. Every two carbons of a fatty acid break down to one acetyl-CoA. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in mM of ATP.arrow_forwardIf a bacterium using aerobic respiration was to degrade one small protein molecule into 8 molecules of pyruvic acid, how many ATP would that cell make? Assume there is no other carbon source. Units cannot be entered in this style of question but the units of your answer should be in molecules of ATP.arrow_forward
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