Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 2VCQ
Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or
decrease? What effect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?
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Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"
that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane
"leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight-
loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have
on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial
membrane? Why do you think this might be an
effective weight-loss drug?
Intermembrane
space
Mitochondrial
matrix
ATP Synthase
ADP
Inner mitochondrial
membrane
ATP
Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from
ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)
Which of these molecules associated with electron transport is in the reduced state?
Choose from the following:
(A) cytochrome a3+++
(b) cytochrome a3++
You are studying the process of oxidative phosphorylation in the lab.
You isolate several mitochondria from cells and place them in a buffered solution
with a low pH and observe that the mitochondria begin to synthesize ATP.
Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?
F
It increases the conc. of OH-, causing the mitochondria to pump H+ to the
intermembrane space.
It increases the diffusion of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the
intermembrane space.
It increases the diffusion of H+ from the intermembrane space to the matrix.
It increases the conc. of OH- in the mitochondrial matrix.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 7 - Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 7 - (Figure 7.14) Tremetol, a metabolic poison found...Ch. 7 - The energy currency used by cells is ATP ADP AMP...Ch. 7 - A reducing chemical reaction. reduces the compound...Ch. 7 - During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?...Ch. 7 - What is removed from pyruvate during its...Ch. 7 - What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? They...Ch. 7 - GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of...Ch. 7 - How many NADU molecules are produced on each turn...
Ch. 7 - What compound receives elections from NADH? FMN...Ch. 7 - Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons...Ch. 7 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 7 - A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is...Ch. 7 - Beta-oxidation is. the breakdown of sugars the...Ch. 7 - The effect of high levels of ADP is to__inv __...Ch. 7 - The control of which enzyme exerts the most...Ch. 7 - Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather...Ch. 7 - Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form...Ch. 7 - Because they lose their mitochondria during...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between a circular...Ch. 7 - How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c...Ch. 7 - What accounts for the different number of ATP...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between...Ch. 7 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...Ch. 7 - How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect...Ch. 7 - Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more...
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- The mitochondrion pumps H+ from the matrix into the intermembrane space. Which region is more acidic, the matrix or the intermembrane space? Why?arrow_forwardEach proton that moves across the membrane releases about 14 kJ/mol of energy. Given that ATP requires 30.5 kJ/mol of energy to form, how many protons cross the membrane per ATP synthesized? (Hint: can you have half a proton?)arrow_forwardThe graph shows how the free‑energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP varies as a function of Mg2+ concentration. Note that pMg = –log[Mg2+]. What does the graph tell you about the relationship between Mg2+ concentration and ATP hydrolysis? What is the mechanism that explains the relationship between Mg2+ concentration and ATP hydrolysis?arrow_forward
- Thermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except A) decrease the proton gradient. B) uncouple ATP synthesis from electron transport. C) generate heat. D) decrease ATP synthesis. E) increase ATP synthesisarrow_forwardChoose the correct answer: 1- How does ETC lead to ATP synthesis: A) Hydrogen ions diffuse from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase.B) Hydrogens jump from the inner membrane to the outer membrane and out through ATP synthase.C) Hydrogens diffuse from the intermembrane space to the outer membrane through ATPase.D) Protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space through ATP synthase. 2- TCA cycle occurs in aerobic respiration because : A) Oxygen has a catalytic functionB) Oxygen is a reactantC) Electron transport chain requires aerobic conditions to operate. D) All of the above.arrow_forwardThe production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an organic compound that 'undoes' the hydrogen ion concentration gradient without the production of ATP. It does this by increasing the membrane permeability to hydrogen ions. One use of DNP is as a herbicide.For a brief period in the 1930s, DNP was marketed as a diet pill. Because DNP prevents the production of ATP, the human body will begin to use alternate forms of energy. The result is an increase in the metabolism of fats in the body, thus reducing total body fat. In the presence of DNP, the energy that normally would be converted to ATP for use in the cells is converted to heat instead, causing dangerously high body temperatures.DNP is classified as an illegal substance in Canada and the U.S. although it is still marketed as a commercial chemical. In recent years, several deaths have been reported, primarily in the…arrow_forward
- Explain the following event in cellular respiration by accomplishing the table.arrow_forwardWhat are two methods that cells can use to allow glycolysis to continue to produce ATP. in anaerobic conditions? Describe these two methods including the products and reactants.arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following processes would be expected to involve the conversion of ATP to ADP or the conversion of ADP to ATP. a) Heart muscle contraction b) transport of nutrients to various locations in the bodyarrow_forward
- Cytochrome B5 is one of many cytochrome molecules in Electron Transport Chain. How would electron transport be affected if the cell had a defective cytochrome B5 gene and did not produce functional cytochrome B5? (It will help to discuss the function of cytochromes in Electron Transport Chain in your answer!)arrow_forwardCyanide acts by blocking the flow of electrons in the electron transport system. What happens to ATP production and oxygen consumption in mitochondria when cells are poisoned with cyanide? Do the rates of oxygen consumption and ATP formation increase, decrease, or remain constant?arrow_forwardATP is utilized in a variety of reactions in the cell. Research and describe two specific reactions that utilize ATP. One of them must be a process involving transport across membranes. The second must be a process involving metabolism, and utilizing an enzyme (name the enzyme). Explain how ATP is used and why it is needed in the two processes described.arrow_forward
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