Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 7, Problem 18CTQ
Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates? What are the greatest drawbacks to harnessing energy directly from the bonds of several different compounds?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 7 - Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 7 - (Figure 7.14) Tremetol, a metabolic poison found...Ch. 7 - The energy currency used by cells is ATP ADP AMP...Ch. 7 - A reducing chemical reaction. reduces the compound...Ch. 7 - During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?...Ch. 7 - What is removed from pyruvate during its...Ch. 7 - What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? They...Ch. 7 - GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of...Ch. 7 - How many NADU molecules are produced on each turn...
Ch. 7 - What compound receives elections from NADH? FMN...Ch. 7 - Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons...Ch. 7 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 7 - A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is...Ch. 7 - Beta-oxidation is. the breakdown of sugars the...Ch. 7 - The effect of high levels of ADP is to__inv __...Ch. 7 - The control of which enzyme exerts the most...Ch. 7 - Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather...Ch. 7 - Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form...Ch. 7 - Because they lose their mitochondria during...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between a circular...Ch. 7 - How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c...Ch. 7 - What accounts for the different number of ATP...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between...Ch. 7 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...Ch. 7 - How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect...Ch. 7 - Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more...
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- Which of the following statements about anabolism is false? O As a rule, the anabolic pathway by which an organism makes a substance is the exact reverse of the catabolic pathway. Anabolic reactions "spend" ATP by transferring a phosphate group to another molecule. O Pathways that synthesize larger biomolecules from smaller ones are known as anabolism. Gluconeogenesis is the anabolic pathway by which organisms make glucose from pyruvate.arrow_forwardWe eat foods containing sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and cellobiose (disaccharide of cellulose in plants). How many net moles of ATP per mole disaccharide do humans generate from the disaccharides sucrose, lactose, and cellobiose using the glycolytic pathway? Osucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 2 ATP Osucrose: 2 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 6 ATP; lactose: 2 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATP sucrose: 4 ATP; lactose: 4 ATP; cellobiose: 0 ATParrow_forward2. a) Compare anabolism and catabolism for energy input, monomers and polymers position as reactants or products. b) Why are considerations of enzymes important for discussions of cellular energetics? c) Why is ATP called the "currency" of the cell? Is ATP a short term or long term energy storage molecule? d) Compare the following reactions: 6CO2+6H2O+energy → +C6H12O6+6O2 and C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+energyarrow_forward
- Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva. It breaks starch molecules into smaller maltose molecules. What is the substrate? What is the product? Will amylase break fats into fatty acids + glycerol? Why? Is this an example of a catabolic or an anabolic reaction? Why?arrow_forwardThe fats metabolic pathway represented above corresponds to lipolysis (i.e., oxidation of fatty acids) and is a… Question 5 options: a) Catabolic pathway. b) Anabolic pathway. c) Both a catabolic and an anabolic pathway. d) Allosteric pathway. e) None of the above.arrow_forwardFor each of the following pair of compounds, choose the compound that would yield the most energy when fully oxidized: a) CO2 or H2CO b) Glucose or ribose c) 12:0 or 12:2 fatty acid d) Pyruvate or lactate e) FADH2 or NADHarrow_forward
- If you are using cellular respiration to get energy from proteins rather than carbohydrates, which of the following is true? there are completely different reactions for protein breakdown as compared to carbohydrates so a different set of pathways is used the amino acids must be broken down into individual C-H or C-C bonds and then those bonds will join with others to create a sugar that enters into the glycolysis pathway O the amino acids are joined with a covalent bond to a sugar and then the hybrid molecule will enter the cellular respiration pathways the amino group is removed and then the rest of the molecule is converted into molecules such as pyruvate or oxaloacetate that can then enter cellular respiration pathways O the amino acids must first be converted into glucose and then they can go through the cellular respiration pathwaysarrow_forwardThe most important high-energy bond in a molecule of ATP is between: O A) the nitrogenous base and the first phosphate group O B) the ribose sugar and the nitrogenous base O C) the second and third phosphate groups O D) the ribose sugar and the first phosphate grouparrow_forwardExplain why some of the molecules are positioned away from the diagonal in the graph given below. What kind of processes are involved in this phenomenon? Moreover, explain differences and similarities between H-ATPases and H-PPases.arrow_forward
- Arrange these four molecules in increasing order of their biological energy content per mole:(a) Mannose(b) Stearic acid, CH3(CH2)16COOH(c) Fructose(d) Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOHarrow_forwardOne example of a stage 1 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the intramitochondrial digestion of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water the intramitochondrial digestion of fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water the extracellular digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol the intracellular digestion of some amino acids into NH4+ and pyruvate the intracellular digestion of glucose monomers into pyruvatearrow_forwardThe movement of energy between living organisms is a matter of atoms, molecules and compounds being built into larger molecules or being broke into smaller ones. Reviewing the two equations for energy transference, which one is building energy? 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy --------> C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energyarrow_forward
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