In laboratory, the following dideoxy DNA sequencing gel is produced. The double-stranded DNA sequence of this molecules to be determined. The polarity of each strand is to be labeled. Introduction: DNA sequencing is the determination of a sequence of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) in a DNA. Sanger sequencing is a method of sequencing a region of DNA that is up to 900 base pairs in length. This process is also known as Chain termination method. Sanger sequencing was first developed by Fred Sanger and his colleagues in 1977 . This process involved the formation of many copies of the template DNA strand. Dideoxynucleotides inhibit the chain elongation process of DNA polymerases. They are also abbreviated as 2', 3' Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)- (ddATP, ddTTP, ddGTP, ddCTP). The principle of Sanger sequencing is that sufficient time and material can produce at least one DNA sequence of every possible length with a tagged nucleotide at the end. The tagged nucleotides get terminated because ddNTPs lack 3 ' − OH group that generally extends the chain.

Question

19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 7, Problem 29P

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

In laboratory, the following dideoxy DNA sequencing gel is produced.

The double-stranded DNA sequence of this molecules to be determined.

The polarity of each strand is to be labeled.

Introduction:

DNA sequencing is the determination of a sequence of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) in a DNA.

Sanger sequencing is a method of sequencing a region of DNA that is up to 900 base pairs in length. This process is also known as Chain termination method.

Sanger sequencing was first developed by Fred Sanger and his colleagues in 1977.

This process involved the formation of many copies of the template DNA strand.

Dideoxynucleotides inhibit the chain elongation process of DNA polymerases. They are also abbreviated as 2', 3' Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)- (ddATP, ddTTP, ddGTP, ddCTP).

The principle of Sanger sequencing is that sufficient time and material can produce at least one DNA sequence of every possible length with a tagged nucleotide at the end.

The tagged nucleotides get terminated because ddNTPs lack 3'− OH group that generally extends the chain.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 7, Problem 29P

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

In laboratory, the following dideoxy DNA sequencing gel is produced.

The double-stranded DNA sequence of this molecules to be determined.

The polarity of each strand is to be labeled.

Introduction:

DNA sequencing is the determination of a sequence of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) in a DNA.

Sanger sequencing is a method of sequencing a region of DNA that is up to 900 base pairs in length. This process is also known as Chain termination method.

Sanger sequencing was first developed by Fred Sanger and his colleagues in 1977.

This process involved the formation of many copies of the template DNA strand.

Dideoxynucleotides inhibit the chain elongation process of DNA polymerases. They are also abbreviated as 2', 3' Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)- (ddATP, ddTTP, ddGTP, ddCTP).

The principle of Sanger sequencing is that sufficient time and material can produce at least one DNA sequence of every possible length with a tagged nucleotide at the end.

The tagged nucleotides get terminated because ddNTPs lack 3'− OH group that generally extends the chain.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 7, Problem 29P

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

In laboratory, the following dideoxy DNA sequencing gel is produced.

The double-stranded DNA sequence of this molecules to be determined.

The polarity of each strand is to be labeled.

Introduction:

DNA sequencing is the determination of a sequence of nucleotide bases (A, T, G, C) in a DNA.

Sanger sequencing is a method of sequencing a region of DNA that is up to 900 base pairs in length. This process is also known as Chain termination method.

Sanger sequencing was first developed by Fred Sanger and his colleagues in 1977.

This process involved the formation of many copies of the template DNA strand.

Dideoxynucleotides inhibit the chain elongation process of DNA polymerases. They are also abbreviated as 2', 3' Dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs)- (ddATP, ddTTP, ddGTP, ddCTP).

The principle of Sanger sequencing is that sufficient time and material can produce at least one DNA sequence of every possible length with a tagged nucleotide at the end.

The tagged nucleotides get terminated because ddNTPs lack 3'− OH group that generally extends the chain.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 7, Problem 29P

Summary Introduction