BIO 1408/09 PKG W/LS CODE
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260370829
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1TC
The compound malonate , a substrate of the citric acid cycle, can be poisonous at high concentrations because it can block
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Since no molecular oxygen participates in the citric acid cycle, the steps in which acetyl groups are oxidized to CO2 involve removal of hydride ions and hydrogen ions. What is the acceptor of hydride ions? What is the acceptor of hydrogen ions?
The reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is
generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer
choice in each box.
COO-
HO-C-H
H-C-H
COO-
Malate
NAD+ NADH + H+
Oxidized
malate
oxaloacetate
COO-
H-C-H
ī
COO-
Oxaloacetate
Reduced
NADH
NAD+
match the cofactor with its function in the citric acid cycle by entering the number corresponding with the function. A given function may be used more than one time or not at all.
Use from the following list of functions to fill in the table below:
carries O2
carries small carbon-containing molecules
carries e-
carries small nitrogen-containing molecules
Cofactor
Function
NAD+/NADH
FAD/FADH2
CoA
thiamine
biotin
Chapter 7 Solutions
BIO 1408/09 PKG W/LS CODE
Ch. 7.1 - Explain the role of cellular respiration in a cellCh. 7.1 - State the overall reaction for glucose breakdown.Ch. 7.1 - List the four phases of cellular respiration, and...Ch. 7.1 - Explain why cellular respiration is needed by the...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.1 - Summarize the four stages of cellular respiration,...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 7.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.2 - Contrast the energy-investment step of glycolysis...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3ACh. 7.2 - Prob. 4ACh. 7.3 - Explain why fermentation pathways are beneficial...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5ACh. 7.3 - Prob. 6ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.4 - 3. Identify the inputs and outputs of each pathway...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 8ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 9ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 10ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 11ACh. 7.4 - Prob. 12ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 7.5 - Prob. 13ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 14ACh. 7.5 - Prob. 15ACh. 7 - Prob. 1BYBCh. 7 - Prob. 2BYBCh. 7 - How are other organic nutrients, such as fats and...Ch. 7 - Prob. S3.2BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S4.4BYBCh. 7 - Prob. S5.2BYBCh. 7 - The compound malonate , a substrate of the citric...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TCCh. 7 - Prob. 3TCCh. 7 - Prob. 4TC
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- The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?arrow_forwardWhat is the net reaction of the citric acid cycle? What happens to each product? OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION: 3A) Thoroughly explain the biological significance of NADH/H* and FADH₂ and their roles in oxidative phosphorylation. 3B) Describe and diagram the general pathway of the electrons from NADH/H+ and FADH2 to 02 during the electron transport chain. 3C) What is "chemiosmotic coupling", and what is its relationship to ATP synthesis? 3D) During oxidative phosphorylation, what is oxidized and what is phosphorylated?arrow_forwardWhy is it reasonable for excess NADH to negatively regulate the citric acid cycle?arrow_forward
- Step 6 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes the role of FAD in this reaction? CH₂ lal CH₂ FAD FADH₂ CO₂ CO₂ succinate CH CH fumarate OA) FAD causes the oxidation of succinate to form fumarate. B) FAD causes succinate to undergo hydration to form fumarate. C) FAD causes the isomerication of succinate to form fumarate. D) FAD causes the reduction of succinate to form fumarate.arrow_forwardAlthough molecular oxygen (O2) does not participate directly in any of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, the cycle operates only when O2 is present. Explain this observation.arrow_forwardDoes any step of the citric acid cycle directly produce ATP? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the sixth step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2 b. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH c. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) e. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH f. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate g. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate h. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide i. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SHarrow_forwardThe end product of glycolysis, pyruvate, cannot enter as such into the citric acid cycle. Which process converts this C3 compound to a C2 compound?arrow_forwardWhat enzymes from the citric acid cycle that are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH? What enzymes from the citric acid cycle that allosterically regulated by NAD+?arrow_forward
- The citric acid cycle is frequently described as the major pathway of aerobic catabolism, which means that it is an oxygen-dependent degradative process. However, none of the reactions of the cycle directly involve oxygen as a reactant. Why is the pathway oxygen dependent?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forwardThere are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. acetyl-coenzyme A 0 CH₂-C-CoA HO-CH Reaction 7 O malate CH₂ CH || CH fumarate FADH₂ Reaction 6 FAD H+ + NADH NAD+ 1,0 H₂C CH₂ CH₂ Reaction 8 succinate ADP 0=C GTP CH₂ oxaloacetate Reaction 5 H-COA GDP ATP H₂O Reaction 1 C Reactions of the Citric Acid Cycle CH₂ CH₂ H-COA 0=C 1 CoA succinyl-CoA H+ HO-C Reaction CO₂ с CH₂ NADH CH₂ citrate Reaction 2 H-COA Reaction 3 CO₂ I CH₂ T CH₂ 0=C NAD+ HO–CH a-ketoglutarate CH, CH isocitrate NAD+ H+ + NADH In chapters 9 and 10, you were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a…arrow_forward
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