Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 18P
Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes ATP at a rate of about 1 × 10-3 mol/min during contraction. To bridge the short interval between the moderate demand for ATP met by aerobic
Because the equilibrium lies well to the right, virtually all of the muscle ADP or AMP is converted to ATP as long as creatine phosphate is available. Concentrations of ATP and creatine phosphate in muscle are about 4 mM and 25 mM, respectively, and the density of muscle tissue can be taken to be about 1.2 g/ cm3.
a. How long could contraction continue using ATP alone?
b. If all creatine phosphate were converted into ATP and utilized as well, how long could contraction continue?
c. What do these answers tell you about the role of ATP in providing energy to cells?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1PCh. 7 - Certain antibodies have been shown to bind only to...Ch. 7 - Antibodies raised against a macromolecular antigen...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4PCh. 7 - Prob. 5PCh. 7 - Prob. 6PCh. 7 - Prob. 7PCh. 7 - Prob. 8PCh. 7 - Prob. 9PCh. 7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 7 - Prob. 11PCh. 7 - Prob. 12PCh. 7 - Prob. 13PCh. 7 - Suppose your biking partner claims that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15PCh. 7 - An antibody has been isolated that binds to...Ch. 7 - A typical relaxed sarcomere is about 2.3 m in...Ch. 7 - Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes...Ch. 7 - A few hours after the death of an animal, the...
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- In muscle tissue, the rate of conversion of glycogen to glucose 6-phosphate is determined by the ratio of phosphorylase a (active) to phosphorylase b (less active). Determine what happens to the rate of glycogen breakdown if a muscle preparation containing glycogen phosphorylase is treated with: (a) phosphorylase kinase and ATP; (b) PP1; (c) epinephrinearrow_forwardWhat is the rationale for the inhibition of muscle glycogen phosphorylase by glucose 6- phosphate when glucose 1- phosphate is the product of the phosphorylase reaction?arrow_forwardHow many ATPs are synthesized for every cytoplasmic NADH that participates in the glycerophosphate shuttle in insect flight muscle?arrow_forward
- How many protons are required to synthesize one ATP by F1F0-ATPase containing (a) 10 or (b) 15 c subunits?arrow_forwardIn angiogenic endothelial cells, pyruvate is converted to lactate (generating 2 ATP per glucose) rather than being completely oxidized (which would generate ~32 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation). Explain why angiogenic cells generate ATP anaerobically.arrow_forwardRat heart muscle operating aerobically fills more than 90% of its ATP needs by oxidative phosphorylation. If each gram of tissue consumes O2 at the rate of 12.0 micromol/min, with glucose as the fuel source. (a) Calculate the rate at which the heart muscle consumes glucose and produces ATP. (b) Consider an alternate scenario – what would be the rate of consumption if the energy source was a solely triglycerides whose fatty acyl chains were each 14-C in length and saturated? (Assume the O2 consumption rate remains at 12.0 micromol/min) (c) For a steady-state concentration of ATP of 6.0 micromol/g of heart muscle tissue, calculate the time required (in seconds) to completely turn over the cellular pool of ATP if glucose us used as the sole fuel source. What does this result indicate about the need for tight regulation of ATP production? (Note: Concentrations are expressed as micromoles per gram of muscle tissue because the tissue is mostly water.)arrow_forward
- A critical reaction in the production of energy to do work or drive chemical reactions in biological systems is the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate, ATP, to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, as described by the reaction ATP(aq)+H2O(l)⟶ADP(aq)+HPO2−4(aq)ATP(aq)+H2O(l)⟶ADP(aq)+HPO42−(aq) for which Δ?∘rxn=−30.5 kJ/molΔGrxn∘=−30.5 kJ/mol at 37.0 °C and pH 7.0. Calculate the value of Δ?rxnΔGrxn in a biological cell in which [ATP]=5.0 mM,[ATP]=5.0 mM, [ADP]=0.10 mM,[ADP]=0.10 mM, and [HPO2−4]=5.0 mM.[HPO42−]=5.0 mM. Δ?rxn=ΔGrxn= kJ/molarrow_forwardAssume that the complete combustion of one mole of glucose to carbon dioxide and water liberates 2870 kJ/mol (AGo' = -2870 kJ/mol). If one contraction cycle in muscle requires 67 kJ, and the energy from the combustion of glucose is converted with an efficiency of 35% to contraction, how many contraction cycles could theoretically be fueled by the complete combustion of one mole of glucose? Round your answer to the nearest whole number. суycles per mole glucosearrow_forwardUnlike a rabbit, running all-out for a few moments to escape a predator, migratory birds require energy for extended periods of time. For example, ducks generally fly several thousand miles during their annual migration. The flight muscles of migratory birds have a high oxidative capacity and obtain the necessary ATP through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA (obtained from fats) via the citric acid cycle. Compare the regulation of muscle glycolysis during short-term intense activity, as in a fleeing rabbit, and during extended activity, as in the migrating duck. Why must the regulation in these two settings be different? Extended activity requires the highly efficient anaerobic metabolism of fats, rather than the less efficient aerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity requires the highly efficient aerobic oxidation of fats, rather than the less efficient anaerobic metabolism of glucose. Extended activity stimulates glycolysis because the concentrations of citrate and acetyl-CoA are…arrow_forward
- Describe the two mechanisms by which muscle glycogen is broken down to glucose (glycogenolysis) for use in glycolysis. Which one is activated at the same time as muscle contraction?arrow_forwardIn human resting muscle cells, the concentration of ATP is 4 mM, ADP is 0.013 mM, creatine-phosphate is 25 mM and creatine is 13 mM. Calculate the ΔG for the formation of creatine phosphate from ATP and creatine in kJ/mol and do not include unit in your answer.arrow_forwardHeart and muscle cells, where myoglobin resides, maintains an intracellular pO2 of about 2.5 torr. Calculate the fractional saturation (for human myoglobin) if a small change (1 torr) in oxygen partial pressure occurs in either direction (ie what happens at 1.5 torr, what happens at 3.5 torr?) and explain how a small change in oxygen pressure dramatically changes the myoglobin oxygen binding.arrow_forward
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