Chapter 7, Problem 18E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between cobalt metal and oxygen gas is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 18E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between cobalt metal and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{4Co}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Co}}_2{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between cobalt metal and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{Co}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to {\text{Co}}_2{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{Co}}_2{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}$, a coefficient of $4$ is placed in front of $\text{Co}$ and a coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between cobalt metal and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{4Co}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Co}}_2{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between cobalt metal and oxygen gas is shown below.

$\text{4Co}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)\to 2{\text{Co}}_2{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}\left(s\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium chlorate is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 18E

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium chlorate is shown below.

${\text{2LiClO}}_3\left(s\right)\to 2\text{LiCl}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium chlorate is shown below.

${\text{LiClO}}_3\left(s\right)\to \text{LiCl}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{LiClO}}_3$, a coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{LiCl}$ and a coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium chlorate is shown below.

${\text{2LiClO}}_3\left(s\right)\to 2\text{LiCl}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation of the decomposition reaction of lithium chlorate is shown below.

${\text{2LiClO}}_3\left(s\right)\to 2\text{LiCl}\left(s\right)+3{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper metal and silver acetate is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 18E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper metal and silver acetate is shown below.

$\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+2{\text{AgC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Cu}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{Ag}\left(s\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper metal and silver acetate is shown below.

$\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+{\text{AgC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Cu}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+\text{Ag}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of ${\text{AgC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and $\text{Ag}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper metal and silver acetate is shown below.

$\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+2{\text{AgC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Cu}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{Ag}\left(s\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper metal and silver acetate is shown below.

$\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+2{\text{AgC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Cu}{\left({\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{Ag}\left(s\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and lithium chloride is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 18E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and lithium chloride is shown below.

$\text{Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{LiCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{PbCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{LiNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and lithium chloride is shown below.

$\text{Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+\text{LiCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{PbCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)+{\text{LiNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{LiCl}$ and ${\text{LiNO}}_{\text{3}}$ to balance the chemical equation.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and lithium chloride is shown below.

$\text{Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{LiCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{PbCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{LiNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between lead nitrate and lithium chloride is shown below.

$\text{Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{LiCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{PbCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{LiNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)$

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A chemical reaction is a process in which rearrangement of atom or ions takes place between two reacting species. A balanced chemical equation represents an equation in which all the reactants and products are written with their stoichiometric coefficient and physical states. The number of atoms of an element on both sides of the equation is equal.

Answer to Problem 18E

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+2\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Al}}_2{\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The unbalanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Al}}_2{\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of elements on the left side of the reaction are not equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is unbalanced.

A coefficient of $2$ is placed in front of $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}$, a coefficient of $3$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ and a coefficient of $6$ is placed in front of ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ to balance the reaction.

Therefore, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+2\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Al}}_2{\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The numbers of atoms of each element on the left side of the reaction are equal to that on the right side of the reaction. Therefore, the reaction is balanced.

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and aluminum hydroxide is shown below.

${\text{3H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4\left(aq\right)+2\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Al}}_2{\left({\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+6{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$