Chapter 7, Problem 24E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction $\text{Sn}\left(s\right)+{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)\to {\text{Sn}}_3{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction.

Concept introduction:

Combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances are combined to form a single product. It is also referred to as synthesis reaction. Combination reaction may involve different kinds of reactants such as between elements or between element and compound or between compounds.

Answer to Problem 24E

The reaction $\text{Sn}\left(s\right)+{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)\to {\text{Sn}}_3{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)$ is a combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, $\text{Sn}\left(s\right)+{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)\to {\text{Sn}}_3{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)$, two different substances tin and phosphorous are combining to form a single product Tin phosphide. Combination reaction involves the combination of two or more reactants to form a single product. Therefore, it is a type of combination reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction $\text{Sn}\left(s\right)+{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)\to {\text{Sn}}_3{\text{P}}_2\left(s\right)$ is a combination reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction ${\text{Fe}}_2{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Decomposition reaction is defined as the breakdown of a single substance into two or more substances. This type of reaction involves input of energy in the form heat, light or electricity.

Answer to Problem 24E

The reaction ${\text{Fe}}_2{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a decomposition reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, ${\text{Fe}}_2{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$, ferric carbonate is broken down into ferric oxide with the release of carbon dioxide gas. Here, one complex reactant is decomposing into two simpler products. Therefore, it is a type of decomposition reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction ${\text{Fe}}_2{\left({\text{CO}}_3\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Fe}}_2{\text{O}}_3\left(s\right)+{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a decomposition reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reaction $\text{Fe}\left(s\right)+\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Fe}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Cd}\left(s\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Displacement reactions are those reactions in which one reactive species displaces less reactive species from its compound and takes its position in the compound.

Answer to Problem 24E

The reaction $\text{Fe}\left(s\right)+\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Fe}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Cd}\left(s\right)$ is a displacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, $\text{Fe}\left(s\right)+\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Fe}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Cd}\left(s\right)$, iron is displacing cadmium from its compound and forming its own product. Iron is more reactive than cadmium on the basis of reactivity scale. Therefore, it is able to displace cadmium. Hence, it is a displacement reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction $\text{Fe}\left(s\right)+\text{Cd}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Fe}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Cd}\left(s\right)$ is a displacement reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reaction $\text{Co}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(g\right)\to \text{CoS}\left(s\right)+{\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Double displacement reaction is a type of displacement reaction in which the elements interchange their positions forming two new compounds. One element takes the position of other and other takes position of first element.

Answer to Problem 24E

The reaction $\text{Co}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(g\right)\to \text{CoS}\left(s\right)+{\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is a double displacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, $\text{Co}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(g\right)\to \text{CoS}\left(s\right)+{\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$, cobalt is displacing hydrogen from its compound forming cobalt sulphide and hydrogen is displacing cobalt from its compound forming hydrogen nitrate. Here, cobalt and hydrogen displacing each other from their compound forming two new compounds. Therefore, it is a double displacement reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction $\text{Co}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(g\right)\to \text{CoS}\left(s\right)+{\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is a double displacement reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The reaction ${\text{HClO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(s\right)\to \text{Ba}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Neutralization reaction is a type of reaction in which in an acid and a base react to form salt and water. It actually involves ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ from acid and base respectively combining to form water.

Answer to Problem 24E

The reaction ${\text{HClO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(s\right)\to \text{Ba}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is a neutralization reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, ${\text{HClO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(s\right)\to \text{Ba}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$, ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ from perchloric acid and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ from barium hydroxide are combining to water and remaining radicals are forming barium chlorate salt. Therefore, it is a neutralization reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction ${\text{HClO}}_4\left(aq\right)+\text{Ba}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_2\left(s\right)\to \text{Ba}{\left({\text{ClO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is a neutralization reaction.