Chapter 7, Problem 23E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction $\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{PbO}\left(s\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction.

Concept introduction:

Combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more substances are combined to form a single product. It is also referred to as synthesis reaction. Combination reaction may involve different kinds of reactants such as between elements or between element and compound or between compounds.

Answer to Problem 23E

The reaction $\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{PbO}\left(s\right)$ is a combination reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, $\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{PbO}\left(s\right)$, two different substances lead and oxygen are combining to form a single product lead oxide. Combination reaction involves the combination of two or more reactants to form a single product. Therefore, it is a type of combination reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction $\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to \text{PbO}\left(s\right)$ is a combination reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction ${\text{LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Decomposition reaction is defined as the breakdown of a single substance into two or more substances. This type of reaction involves input of energy in the form heat, light or electricity.

Answer to Problem 23E

The reaction ${\text{LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a decomposition reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, ${\text{LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$, lead nitrate is breaking down into lead nitrite with the release of oxygen gas. Here, one complex reactant is decomposing into two simpler products. Therefore, it is a type of decomposition reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction ${\text{LiNO}}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{LiNO}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a decomposition reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reaction $\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}\left({\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\right)\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Displacement reactions are those reactions in which one reactive species displaces less reactive species from its compound and takes its position in the compound.

Answer to Problem 23E

The reaction $\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}\left({\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\right)\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a displacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, $\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}\left({\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\right)\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$, magnesium is displacing hydrogen from its compound and forming its own product. Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen on the basis of reactivity scale, therefore it is able to displace hydrogen. Hence, it is a displacement reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction $\text{Mg}\left(s\right)+{\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\left(aq\right)\to \text{Mg}\left({\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_3{\text{O}}_2\right)\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\left(g\right)$ is a displacement reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The reaction ${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Double displacement reaction is a type of displacement reaction in which the elements interchange their positions forming two new compounds. One element takes the position of other and other takes position of first element.

Answer to Problem 23E

The reaction ${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is a double displacement reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, ${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$, sodium is displacing mercury from its compound forming sodium nitrate and mercury is displacing sodium from its compound forming mercury bromide. Here, sodium and mercury displacing each other from their compound forming two new compounds. Therefore, it is a double displacement reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction ${\text{Hg}}_2{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)+\text{NaBr}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{Hg}}_2{\text{Br}}_2\left(s\right)+{\text{NaNO}}_3\left(aq\right)$ is a double displacement reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The reaction ${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{NH}}_4\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is to be classified as combination, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement, or neutralization reaction

Concept introduction:

Neutralization reaction is a type of reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water. It actually involves ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ from acid and base respectively combining to form water.

Answer to Problem 23E

The reaction ${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{NH}}_4\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is a neutralization reaction.

Explanation of Solution

In the reaction, ${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{NH}}_4\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$, ${\text{H}}^{\text{+}}$ from carbonic acid and ${\text{OH}}^{\text{-}}$ from ammonium hydroxide are combining to form water and remaining radicals are forming salt. Therefore, it is a neutralization reaction.

Conclusion

The reaction ${\text{H}}_2{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{NH}}_4\text{OH}\left(aq\right)\to {\left({\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$ is a neutralization reaction.