Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118743164
Author: Jacquelyn G. Black, Laura J. Black
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 7, Problem 15SQ

Suppose a point mutation occurred in the third position of a codon in a DNA template Coding for a protein, changing it from TTT to TTC. What would be the consequences of this mutation?

  1. (a) It would cause a frameshift mutation downstream of the point mutation, resulting in a different protein.
  2. (b) It would cause a different amino acid to be placed at this position in the polypeptide, making it a mutant protein.
  3. (c) There would be no change in the amino acid at this position because, of the redundancy of the genetic code. Such point mutations are known as “silent mutations” because, although the genotype is different, the phenotype remains the same.
  4. (d) All of the above.
  5. (e) None of the above.
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Suppose that a gene underwent a mutation that changed a GAA codon to UAA. (a) Name the amino acid encoded by the original triplet. (b) Identify a tRNA anticodon that could translate the nonsense UAA triplet. (c) What other amino acid could be encoded by the mutant tRNA?
The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution mutations (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are “silent,” in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?
Sickle cell anemia is a widespread disease in many African countries and can be caused by a change in the amino acid sequence from glutamic acid to valine. A patient is diagnosed with the disease and a genetic fingerprint reveals the following DNA sequence for the gene: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Write down the mRNA sequence for the given DNA sense strand indicating the polarity. Derive the polypeptide from the mRNA molecule using the table of the genetic code (Table Q1 below) again indicating the polarity of the peptide chain. Indicate the position in the DNA molecule that could have caused the disease and write down all possible point mutations in the DNA sequence that could have caused it. [ The polypeptide chain is polymerized at the ribosomes using t-RNA molecules. Write down all possible t-RNA molecules with their anti-codons that are used to polymerize the amino acid VAL. Indicate the polarity. 3'-TAC TGA GCA AGA TTA CAT ACT-5' Explain what is meant by redundancy of the genetic code.…

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Microbiology: Principles and Explorations

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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY