The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined. Concept introduction: Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step. Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction. Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product. Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant. Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted. Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram. Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product. Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

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1. Consider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction. 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 Potential Energy (kJ) 600 400 200 0 -200- -400 -600- -800 (i) Cl₂ (g) + Pt(s) → 2Cl (g) + Pt(s) (ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) → CICO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ Ea = 2240 kJ (iii) Cl (g) + CICO (g) → Cl₂CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ AH=-950 kJ ΔΗ = 575 ΚΙ AH=-825 kJ a. Draw the potential energy diagram for the reaction. Label the data points for clarity. The potential energy of the reactants is 600 kJ Reaction Progress b. What is the overall chemical equation? c. What is the overall change in enthalpy for the above chemical reaction? d. What is the overall amount of activation energy for the above chemical reaction? e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why? f. If you were to add 2700kJ of energy to the reaction (e.g. 2700 kl of heat or electricity), would you be able to make the reaction reverse itself (i.e. have…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

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Answer 5

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 6

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 7

Chapter 6.3, Problem 5P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Rate determining step: In a chemical reaction the rate determining step is the slowest step in which the rate of the reaction depends on the rate of that slowest step.

Activation energy: It is defined as the minimum energy required by the reacting species in order to undergo chemical reaction.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Reaction coordinate: It is the diagrammatic representation of a chemical reaction which depicts how the reactants get transformed into product where the transition state and the intermediates present in the reaction are also depicted.

Enthalpy change: The change in the energy as the product formed from the reactants is represented by the enthalpy change in the reaction coordinate diagram.

Intermediate species: It is the species formed during the middle of the chemical reaction between the reactant and the desired product.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of transition state for given state of reaction coordinate diagrams.

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