The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown. Concept Introduction: Halogen addition to an alkene: The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons. Mainly Br 2 and Cl 2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane. In general, the reaction can be shown as below. When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed. The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br - and the product is formed.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

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2. Use Hess's law to calculate the AH (in kJ) for: rxn CIF(g) + F2(g) → CIF 3 (1) using the following information: 2CIF(g) + O2(g) → Cl₂O(g) + OF 2(g) AH = 167.5 kJ ΔΗ 2F2 (g) + O2(g) → 2 OF 2(g) 2C1F3 (1) + 202(g) → Cl₂O(g) + 3 OF 2(g) о = = -43.5 kJ AH = 394.1kJ

ci Draw the major product(s) of the following reactions: (3 pts) CH3 HNO3/H2SO4 HNO3/ H2SO4 OCH3 (1 pts)

Provide the product for the reaction

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 74P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Acid Catalysed addition of water: When water is added to alkene in the presence of an acid, the product formed will be an alcohol.

The electrophile H+ adds to the nucleophile alkene and a carbocation is formed. Then water adds to the carbocation and form a protonated alcohol and in the last step it loses a proton and final an alcohol is formed.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Halogen addition to an alkene:

The addition reaction of halides to alkenes leads to the formation of vicinal dihalide as the product. The two halogens will be on the adjacent carbons.

Mainly Br2 and Cl2 undergo addition reaction with alkenes and the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane.

In general, the reaction can be shown as below.

When the bromine approaches the alkene, one bromine accepts the electrons from alkene and give them to the other bromine and a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate is formed.

The formed unstable intermediate reacts with Br- and the product is formed.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The products of the following reactions should be determined and if the products can exist as stereoisomers, it must be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene:

An alkyl halide is formed, if an hydrogen halide is used as an electrophile in the addition to alkene.

The H+ adds to one of the sp2 carbon and the nucleophile halide ion to other sp2 carbon

The general reaction is represented as:

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author describes the electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes.

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Chapter 6 Solutions