Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337393096
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 9TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Cells communicate with each other by a process known as cell signaling. It is important for an organism to receive and respond to the stimulus. There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. They are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. Signal transduction is the process of conversion of an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. It involves a cascade of molecules that transfers information in amplified way.
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Which receptor undergoes clustering and autophosphorylation in response to activation by a signal?
Group of answer choices:
a)Ligand-gated ion channels
b)Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs)
c)G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs)
d)Nuclear Receptors
Signaling by tyrosine kinase receptors is generally associated with all of the following
except:
OA) receptor dimerization
B) growth factor responses
C) heterotrimeric G proteins
OD) cross phosphorylation
E) generating protein binding sites due to phosphorylation
With protein kinase-mediated molecular switches, downstream target molecules are
typically activated by ...
a) being phosphorylated
b) binding to ATP
c) the action of a phosphataase
d) hydrolysis of GTP
e) binding to GTP
Chapter 6 Solutions
Mindtap Biology, 1 Term (6 Months) Printed Access Card For Solomon/martin/martin/berg's Biology, 11th
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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Similar questions
- During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzymecatalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forwardSignaling by tyrosine kinase receptors is generally associated with all of the following except: A) receptor dimerization B) growth factor responses C) heterotrimeric G proteins D) cross phosphorylation E) generating protein binding sites due to phosphorylationarrow_forwardThe transforming growth factory beta (TGF-b) family of hormones / growth factors are dimers and they interact with specific receptors. Which of the following statements about these receptors is correct? a) A receptor complex is formed from a type 1 and a type 2 receptor b) A receptor complex is formed between the ligand and the receptor c) This family interacts with a single serine- threonine kinase receptor d) The major receptor is intracellular e) The receptor is a G-protein receptorarrow_forward
- Sort the following steps of GPCR signal propagation (you may not use all the steps): A) Dephosphorylation of GPCR B) G protein dissociation to adenylate cyclase and GTP binds to the G protein C) Ligand binding to GPCR D) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GDP binds to the G protein E) Synthesis of CAMP F) Activation of PKA G) G protein association to adenylate cyclase H) G protein dissociation from GPCR and GTP binds to the G protein O F, C, H, F, B OC OB, D, A, E, H O C, H, G, E, F OA, G, H, B, Earrow_forwardWhich of the following directly phosphorylate tyrosines to start a kinase protein enzymatic cascade? a) Receptor threonine kinase b) Receptor serine kinase c) Receptor tyrosine kinase d) Receptor guanylyl cyclasesarrow_forwardThe development of a) transmembrane proteins b) cell-cell signaling c) dendritic spines is the first known evolutionary precursor to synapses. d) GABA receptorsarrow_forward
- You decide to investigate cell signaling of a pair of newly identified GPCRs, GPCR-W and GPCR-Z. Each binds the same ligand, but activates different downstream heterotrimeric G-proteins that act on adenylyl cyclase. You discover that ligand binding has opposite effects on adenylyl cyclase activity for each receptor. GPCR-W causes an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity, while GPCR-Z causes a decrease in adenylyl cyclase activity. You obtain a cell line expressing GPCR-W, GPCR-Z, the relevant G-proteins, and adenylyl cyclase. There is baseline adenylyl cyclase activity producing a baseline amount of cAMP. You embark on a research project to characterize the following mutations in the components of the signaling pathway. 2. Will each of the following mutations increase or decrease the levels of cAMP inside the cell upon adding the ligand to the cell culture? A mutation in GPCR-W that prevents G-protein activation? A mutation in GPCR-Z that prevents G-protein activation? A mutation in…arrow_forwardYou decide to investigate cell signaling of a pair of newly identified GPCRs, GPCR-W and GPCR-Z. Each binds the same ligand, but activates different downstream heterotrimeric G-proteins that act on adenylyl cyclase. You discover that ligand binding has opposite effects on adenylyl cyclase activity for each receptor. GPCR-W causes an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity, while GPCR-Z causes a decrease in adenylyl cyclase activity. You obtain a cell line expressing GPCR-W, GPCR-Z, the relevant G-proteins, and adenylyl cyclase. There is baseline adenylyl cyclase activity producing a baseline amount of cAMP. You embark on a research project to characterize the following mutations in the components of the signaling pathway. 2. Will each of the following mutations increase or decrease the levels of cAMP inside the cell upon adding the ligand to the cell culture? A mutation in Gi that prevents release of bound GDP. A mutation in Gs that prevents GTP hydrolysis. A mutation in Gi that…arrow_forwardIn which of the following signaling pathways does ligand binding induce the phosphorylation of the receptor molecules? (Check all that apply.) A The TGF-beta pathway. B The Hedgehog/smoothened pathway. The Notch/Delta pathway. D) The Receptor-tyrosine kinase pathway. E) The canonical Wnt pathway.arrow_forward
- 3) Acetylcholine binds to a GPCR on heart muscle, making the heart beat more slowly. The activated receptor stimulates a G protein, which opens a K+ channel in the plasma membrane, as shown in Figure 1. Which of the following would enhance this effect of the acetylcholine? (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 1 addition of a high concentration of a non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP addition of a drug that prevents the a subunit from exchanging GDP for GTP mutations in the acetylcholine receptor that weaken the interaction between the receptor and acetylcholine mutations in the acetylcholine receptor that weaken the interaction between the receptor and the G proteinarrow_forwardThe p75 receptor differs from Trk receptors in that it a) can promote cell death. b) has high affinity for all neurotrophins. c) only binds a particular type of neurotrophin. d) can bind NGF to promote cell survival.arrow_forwardQ30arrow_forward
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