During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TYU

During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Fat-soluble signaling molecules cross the cell membrane; but they affect only the target cells because: A) Only in target cells is the signaling molecule capable of initiating the phosphorylation chain that activates ion channels. B) only target cells have enzymes that break down the signaling molecule C) intracellular receptors are present only on target cells D) only targets have the appropriate DNA segments

A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.

You stimulated the cell with a ligand and analyzed the response. Upon ligand treatment, the cell increased the expression of gene α and decreased expression of gene β. When you inhibit cyclic AMP production by treating the cell with an inhibitor of Adenylyl cyclase, the increased expression of gene α was not observed but the decrease gene β expression was still observed. a) What you can expect for gene α regulation by this ligand? What signaling mechanism could be used? b) To determine how gene β is regulated by the ligand via what signaling mechanism, provide your hypothesis and indicate a potential experiment that you can perform to test that.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TYU

During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TYU

During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 6, Problem 1TYU

During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

Introduction: There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. These are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. In signal transduction, the cell changes the extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner.

Answer 12

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Correct answer: Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals. Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct answer:

Option (a) is given as “the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process”. In signal transduction, the cell changes the received extracellular signals into intracellular signals. Cell generates a number of internal molecules that work in a specific manner to cause a response. It may either activates genes or deactivate it.

Hence the correct answer is option (a).

Reasons for incorrect answers:

Option (b) is given as, “a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes”. A signaling molecule activates several downstream molecules which either activate or deactivates the genes. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (c) is given as, “each enzyme catalyzes production of one molecule of product”. The signal get amplified at each downstream of the pathway in which an enzyme catalyzes several other molecules. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (c) is incorrect.

Option (d) is given as, “enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process”. Enzyme in the signal cascade gets inactivated once it activates the downstream molecules. It does not remain active until the last component for the pathway alters the process. This is not part of signal transduction event. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.

Option (e) is given as, “the signal is terminated by cyclic AMP”. Cyclic AMP is an effector molecule. It does not terminate the signal. The signal is terminated by phosphodiesterase which inactivates the cyclic AMP to AMP or phosphatase which inactivates the protein by removing phosphate group. This is not part of signal transduction event.

Hence, option (e) is incorrect.

Hence the options (b), (c), (d), and (e) are incorrect.

Answer 14

Conclusion

Signal transduction is a process in which extracellular signals get converted into intracellular signals which causes changes in cell processes.

Answer 15

Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2C Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3C Ch. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LO Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1C

Concept explainers

Videos

Answer to Problem 1TYU

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 6 Solutions