Concept explainers
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
First normal form (1NF):
- If a table does not contain any replicate fields or groups of fields then that model is called as first normal form.
- In this form, entities do not contain any single instance of the repeating variable.
- It means that the entities contain only one instance of the attributes, multi-valued attributes are neglected.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 6 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
- plz help with the following: Create a database whose tables are at least in 3NF, showing the dependency diagrams for each table.arrow_forwardSuppose you are a manufacturer of product ABC, which is composed of parts A, B, and C When a new product is created, the involved parts in table PART must be reduced. As such, when product ABC is created, PROD_QTY is increased by one, and the quantity of parts A, B, and C in table PART (i.e. PART_QTY) is reduced by one respectively. The database content is shown in the following tables. How many database requests can you identify when a product ABC is created? List all.arrow_forwardThe dependency diagram indicates that authors are paid royalty for each book they write for a publisher.The amount of royalty can vary by author,by book ,and by edition of the book. a.Based on the dependency diagram,create a database whose tables are atleast in 2NF showing the dependency diagram for each table. b.Create a database whose tables are atleast in 3NF,showing the dependency diagram for each table.arrow_forward
- Single level ordered indexes are used in every DBMS, sometimes deployed automatically, sometimes chosen by the database engineer during implementation. In fig 2, what type of single level ordered index would be deployed by the DBMS for the attribute RENTALS.CID? Group of answer choices B-Tree Primary Index Common Index Clustering Indexarrow_forwardIn a train stations database, an employee MUST be a train driver, ticket issuer or train attendant, with following constraint: Same employee cannot occupy more than one job type. Draw EER diagram to represent specialization of employees in the train station database.arrow_forwardDraw ERD for the following situation: Kopolo Airline wants a database to keep track with its flight ticket payment. Multiple passengers (identified by first name, last name, and address) can reserve multiple flights with Kopolo Airline. Each flight is identified by its flight number, departure city, departure time, arrival city, and arrival time. When a passenger book for a flight, the database records the amount due, booking date, seat info and ticket type. When a passenger pays for his/her booking, the database records the payment amount, payment date, and info of passenger who pay for the ticket. Database Management Course Subject: MySQLarrow_forward
- Write the following queries in SQL on the relational database schema for COMPANY database given in page 4. Find the total number of dependents of each employee who has dependents.arrow_forwardNeed with explanationarrow_forwardCardinality ratios often dictate the detailed design of a database. The cardinality ratio depends on the real-world meaning of the entity types involved and is defined by the specific application. For the following binary relationships, suggest cardinality ratios based on the following description of the mini-world: Each BANK has a unique Code, as well as a Name and Address. Each BANK is related to one or more BANK-BRANCHes, and the BranhNo is unique among each set of BANK-BRANCHes that are related to the same BANK. Each BANK-BRANCH has an Address. Each BANK-BRANCH has zero or more LOANS and zero or more ACCTS. Each ACCOUNT has an AcctNo (unique), Balance, and Type and is related to exactly one BANK-BRANCH and to at least one CUSTOMER. Each LOAN has a LoanNo (unique), Amount, and Type and is related to exactly one BANK-BRANCH and to at least one CUSTOMER. Each CUSTOMER has an SSN (unique), Name, Phone, and Address, and is related to zero or more ACCOUNTS and to zero or more LOANS.…arrow_forward
- Write the following queries in SQL on the relational database schema for COMPANY database given in page 4. Find the name of employees who have salary less than the average salary of employees who are in department 4.arrow_forwardGiven the database schema below, write a relational algebra expression to get the count of records in the DEPENDENT relation group by Essn. Also, show the result of your query.arrow_forwardConsider the following schema for a company database and answer the following questions: DEPARTMENT Dname Dnumber Mgr_ssn Mgr_start_date M EMPLOYEE Fname Minit Lname Ssn Bdate Address Sex Salary Dno M WORKS ON Esan Pno Hours PROJECT Pname Pnumber Plocation Q1//create all tables of this schema and apply any necessary constraintsarrow_forward
- A Guide to SQLComputer ScienceISBN:9781111527273Author:Philip J. PrattPublisher:Course Technology PtrDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285196145Author:Steven, Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel, Carlos, Coronel, Carlos; Morris, Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, Carlos Coronel; Steven Morris, Steven Morris; Carlos CoronelPublisher:Cengage LearningDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781305627482Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage Learning