Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781305627482
Author: Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 10RQ
Explanation of Solution
Anomaly:
- Without normalization, redundancies occur in the table, and it may lead to errors or some sort of inconsistency. These are termed as anomalies.
- Anomalies occur when user wants to update the data in the table.
- There are three types of anomalies. They are,
- Insertion anomaly
- Deletion anomaly
- Modification anomaly
Insertion anomaly:
- Certain attributes cannot be inserted in the
database table without the presence of other attributes and causes the occurrence of insert anomaly. - For example,
- Suppose a student data need to be inserted in the STUDENT database table.
- Student_name and dept are the combination of primary keys in the STUDENT relation.
- The user must enter the values for both the keys. But, this is an anomaly here, because the user can enter only Student_name; the value for dept is unknown to the user until the student joins the department.
Deletion anomaly:
- Deletion of an attribute causes unintended loss of data or inconsistencies in the database and is referred to as deletion anomaly...
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Q4: Consider the following MAILORDER relational schema describing the data for a mail order
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PARTS(Pno, Pname, Qoh, Price, Olevel)
CUSTOMERS(Cno, Cname, Street, Zip, Phone)
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Qoh stands for quantity on hand: the other attribute names are self-explanatory. Specify and
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c. Retrieve the pairs of customer number values of customers who live in the same ZIP Code.
d. Retrieve the names of customers who have ordered parts from employees living in Wichita.
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Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management
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