
Concept explainers
a.
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
First normal form (1NF):
- If a table does not contain any replicate fields or groups of fields then that model is called as first normal form.
- In this form, entities do not contain any single instance of the repeating variable.
- It means that the entities contain only one instance of the attributes, multi-valued attributes are neglected.
Second normal form (2NF):
- The value of all non-primary key attributes should be dependent on the primary key attribute.
- If any attribute is depending on the partial primary key then it should determine the other attributes for an instance of the entity.
- The partial dependencies should be removed from the data model.
Third normal form (3NF):
- The value of any non-primary key attributes will not depend on any other non-primary key attributes.
- If any non-primary key attributes depend on any other non-primary key attribute then it should be moved or deleted.
- It is termed as transitive dependency.
Partial dependency:
A partial dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends only a part of primary key. This dependency is related with 1st normal form.
Transitive dependency:
A transitive dependency exists at that time of an attributes depends on another attribute which is not part of primary key.
Functional dependency:
An association between two attributes or two set of attributes in a same relational database table, which is having some constraints is known as functional dependency.
- In a table one attribute is functionally dependent on another attribute to take one value.
b.
Explanation of Solution
Dependencies diagrams for each database table:
Table1:
Create the database table with name of Table1 is given below:
Table1 (ISBN, BookTitle, Edition)
- Here, “ISBN” indicates the primary key.
- “BookTitle” and “Edition” are partial dependent on ISBN.
Normal form:
- The relation is in third normal form (3NF), since there is no transitive dependency and no repeated attributes.
The representation of dependency diagram for table1 is shown below:
Table2:
Create the database table with name of Table2 is given below:
Table2 (BookTitle, Publisher)
- “BookTitle” are transitive dependent on “Publisher”.
Normal form:
- The relation is in second normal form (2NF), because there is transitive dependency in this database table.
The representation of dependency diagram for table2 is shown below:
Table3:
Create the database table with name of Table3 is given below:
Table3 (Author_Num, LastName)
- Here, “Author_Num” indicate the primary key...

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