DATABASE SYSTEMS
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780357095607
Author: Coronel
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 6, Problem 1RQ
Explanation of Solution
Normalization:
The process used to minimize data redundancy and dependency in a relational
- The database table is divided into two or more tables and defines the relationship between those tables.
- If the modifications, deletion or updates occur in one table, the other tables in database get updated by just propagating it.
- In a relational database, the tables with no redundant data and less null values are considered as efficient table.
- This is because, having redundant data and more null values increases the storage space and wastage of memory is imminent.
- Null values cause a problem for data integrity and produces more error in the database.
- If the wasted storage space and null values which cause data integrity hazards are minimized, a highly optimized relational database can be designed.
- The project team should consider using normalization when designing the database, which is the best source to optimize data storage efficiently; this is because, it reduces the data storage space and provides data integrity.
- There are three types of normal forms.
- First normal form (1NF)
- Second normal form (2NF)
- Third normal form (3NF)
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Whentheuserenters!!,themostrecentcommandinthehistoryisexecuted.In the example above, if the user entered the command:
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Activity No.
Activity
Time (weeks)
Immediate Predecessors
1
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3
2
Requirements structuring
4
1
3
Process analysis
3
2
4
Data analysis
3
2
5
Logical design
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c. Using the information from part b, prepare a network diagram. Identify the critical path.
2. UNIX Shell and History Feature [20 points]
This question consists of designing a C program to serve as a shell interface that
accepts user commands and then executes each command in a separate process. A
shell interface gives the user a prompt, after which the next command is entered.
The example below illustrates the prompt osh> and the user's next command:
cat prog.c. The UNIX/Linux cat command displays the contents of the file
prog.c on the terminal using the UNIX/Linux cat command and your program
needs to do the same.
osh> cat prog.c
The above can be achieved by running your shell interface as a parent process.
Every time a command is entered, you create a child process by using fork(),
which then executes the user's command using one of the system calls in the
exec() family (as described in Chapter 3). A C program that provides the general
operations of a command-line shell can be seen below.
#include
#include
#define MAX LINE 80 /* The maximum length command */
{
int…
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